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science > sound, light, and electricity test > Flashcards

sound, light, and electricity test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is sound?

A

types of waves

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2
Q

what is a wavelength?

A

distance from identical parts of a wave

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3
Q

what is an amplitude?

A

height of a wave from the rest positionq

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4
Q

what is frequency?

A

number of complete waves that pass a fixed point in a given time (change in pitch)

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5
Q

what is reflection?

A

when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off of it

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6
Q

what is refraction>

A

the bending of wabes as they enter a new medium-bending occurs due to the chanfe of speed in the wavee

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7
Q

what is diffraction?

A

change in behavior of a wave as it encounters obstacles

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8
Q

what is the doppler effect?

A

the apparent change in frequency of a wave as the source moves in relation to the observer move by ear

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9
Q

what is resonance?

A

when an oject is struckby a wave that matches it’s natural frquncy, the object will vibrate

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10
Q

what is the perception of sound?

A

the distance from the source, or amount of energy required

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11
Q

what is intensity?

A

the amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a unit area

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12
Q

what is pitch?

A

how high or low a sound seems to an observer

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13
Q

what are photons?

A

“packets” of light energy

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14
Q

what is a particle model?

A

when light shines on surfaces, electrons on that surface became “excited”

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15
Q

what is a wave model?

A

waves of light travel as two interlocking transverse waves at 90 degree angles to each other (polarized filters)

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16
Q

what is the photoelectric efffect?

A
  • discovered by Einstein
  • when light hits a substance, the electrons can become so “excited” that they are essentially kocked off of the substance
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17
Q

what is electricity?

A

a flow of electrons from place place

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18
Q

what is a gradient?

A

a difference in concentration of something

19
Q

what is a current?

A

continuous flow of electrons, measured in amps

20
Q

what is voltage?

A

the difference in electrical potential in a circuit, measured in volts (also called potential difference)

21
Q

what is resistance?

A

opposition to the flow of a current, measured in ohms

22
Q

what is ohms law?

A

v = i x r

23
Q

types of circuits?

A

series, parallel, complex

24
Q

what is a series circuit?

A

only 1 continuous path for electricity to travel

25
Q

what is a parallel circuit?

A

multiple paths for electricity

26
Q

factors affecting resistance?

A
  • diameter of wire
  • length of wire
  • temp. of wire
  • type of wire
27
Q

what is the series circuit equation?

A

Rt= R1+R2+R3

28
Q

what is the parallel circuit equation?

A

Rt+ 1/ ( 1/R + 1/R + 1/R)

29
Q

in a series circuit, what is constant?

A

current

30
Q

in a parallel circuit, what is constant?

A

voltage

31
Q

who was luigi galvani?

A

1780, researched frogs

-galvani was dissecting a frog on a table, and there was a spark

32
Q

who was alessandra volta?

A

took galvani’s research to make the first battery

33
Q

what was the first battery made from?

A

volta layered zinc, paper soaked in salt water, and silver

34
Q

what is an electrade?

A

piece of metal sitting in an electrolyte

35
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

a substance, liquid or paste, that conducts electric current

36
Q

what is a terminal?

A

the part of the electrolyte that sticks out of the electrolyte

37
Q

what is a battery?

A

a combination of 2 or more electrochemical cells

38
Q

what are wet cells?

A

when the electrolyte is a liquid

39
Q

what are dry cells?

A

when the electrolyte is a paste

40
Q

what does electricity follow?

A

the path of least resistance

41
Q

what is static electricity?

A

when electric charges build up on the surface of an object

called “static” because the charges don’t flow (no current)

42
Q

what is friction?

A

when 2 uncharged objects rub together creating a charge on 1 of the objects

43
Q

what is conduction?

A

when a charged (static discharge) object transfers charge to another by direct contact

44
Q

what is induction?

A

when the electrons in a charged object move because of the electric field of another object

science (5 decks)

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