Sound And Noise Flashcards
What is sound?
Pressure variations in fluid medium which may be detected by human ear
What is noise?
A sound the listener does not want to hear.
What increases noise in cities?
Transport, industries, community
What is the purpose of the fly neighborly agreement?
- To manage aircraft noise in residential areas.
2.to decide minimum height for aircraft’s and schedule times for pilot training.
3.protect resident amenity while maintaining tourist and business activities.
What is the mechanism of hearing?
Outer ear, middle ear and inner ear
How do we hear sounds?
The pressure variations in air cause the ear drums to vibrate.
Do hair cells regenerate?
No.
What are the characteristics of sound?
Loudness, pitch/frequency.
What is loudness of sound?
The magnitude of y sound pressure fluctuations.
What is frequency?
The number of soundwaves passing a fixed point.
What is 1 hertz?
1 cycle per second
What is the unit of wavelength?
Meter
How are wavelength and pitch related?
Inversely proportionate. Long wavelength = lower pitch and short wavelength = higher pitch
What is decibel used to measure?
Flow of sound energy to ear
What sound range can humans hear?
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
What sound range is humans most sensitive to?
500 Hz to 4000 Hz
Why is noise bad?
Adverse health effects
Stress and annoyance
Sleep disturbance
Reduced concentration
Cardiovascular health
How do we assess noise?
Legislations to assess parameters of sound.
Noise assessment techniques.
How to manage noise in built environments?
- limit noise penetration via fences, hedges and walls.
- Sound transmission loss via choice of building and insulation materials.
- Sufficient ventilation.
What is air pollution?
Presence of air contaminants in the atmosphere with enough concentration and duration to be harmful to human, plant or animal life or property.
What are sources of air pollution?
Industrial, domestic or commercial sources where gases are concentrated around them.
What are some indoor causes of air pollution?
Cooking fuels, inadequate ventilation.
What are some outdoor sources of air pollution?
Power stations, vehicles, fossil fuel combustion, green house gases
What are some other causes of air pollution?
Particulates such as sunburnt fuel, ash dust.
Sulfuric acid.
Carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen oxides.
Hydrocarbons
What are some short terms effects of air pollution on human health?
Headache, inflammation of nose, throat or eyes, coughing and painful breathing, pneumonia, bronchitis, skin irritation.
What are some long term effects?
Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, impacts liver, spleen and blood and reproductive system.
What are some ways to decrease air pollution in built environments?
- Monitoring ambient air quality.
- Smoking ban in public areas.
- Indoor air quality guidelines.
What are some legislative requirements to control air pollution?
- Indoor air quality guidelines
- Environment protection agencies
- Haze alerts
- Smog day alerts
- Emissions control on vehicles and businesses
