Sound And Noise

Question 1

What is sound?

Answer 1

Pressure variations in fluid medium which may be detected by human ear

Question 2

What is noise?

Answer 2

A sound the listener does not want to hear.

Question 3

What increases noise in cities?

Answer 3

Transport, industries, community

Question 4

What is the purpose of the fly neighborly agreement?

Answer 4

1. To manage aircraft noise in residential areas.
   2.to decide minimum height for aircraft’s and schedule times for pilot training.
   3.protect resident amenity while maintaining tourist and business activities.

Question 5

What is the mechanism of hearing?

Answer 5

Outer ear, middle ear and inner ear

Question 6

How do we hear sounds?

Answer 6

The pressure variations in air cause the ear drums to vibrate.

Question 7

Do hair cells regenerate?

Answer 7

No.

Question 8

What are the characteristics of sound?

Answer 8

Loudness, pitch/frequency.

Question 9

What is loudness of sound?

Answer 9

The magnitude of y sound pressure fluctuations.

Question 10

What is frequency?

Answer 10

The number of soundwaves passing a fixed point.

Question 11

What is 1 hertz?

Answer 11

1 cycle per second

Question 12

What is the unit of wavelength?

Answer 12

Meter

Question 13

How are wavelength and pitch related?

Answer 13

Inversely proportionate. Long wavelength = lower pitch and short wavelength = higher pitch

Question 14

What is decibel used to measure?

Answer 14

Flow of sound energy to ear

Question 15

What sound range can humans hear?

Answer 15

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

Question 16

What sound range is humans most sensitive to?

Answer 16

500 Hz to 4000 Hz

Question 17

Why is noise bad?

Answer 17

Adverse health effects
Stress and annoyance
Sleep disturbance
Reduced concentration
Cardiovascular health

Question 18

How do we assess noise?

Answer 18

Legislations to assess parameters of sound.
Noise assessment techniques.

Question 19

How to manage noise in built environments?

Answer 19

1. limit noise penetration via fences, hedges and walls.
2. Sound transmission loss via choice of building and insulation materials.
3. Sufficient ventilation.

Question 20

What is air pollution?

Answer 20

Presence of air contaminants in the atmosphere with enough concentration and duration to be harmful to human, plant or animal life or property.

Question 21

What are sources of air pollution?

Answer 21

Industrial, domestic or commercial sources where gases are concentrated around them.

Question 22

What are some indoor causes of air pollution?

Answer 22

Cooking fuels, inadequate ventilation.

Question 23

What are some outdoor sources of air pollution?

Answer 23

Power stations, vehicles, fossil fuel combustion, green house gases

Question 24

What are some other causes of air pollution?

Answer 24

Particulates such as sunburnt fuel, ash dust.
Sulfuric acid.
Carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen oxides.
Hydrocarbons

Question 25

What are some short terms effects of air pollution on human health?

Answer 25

Headache, inflammation of nose, throat or eyes, coughing and painful breathing, pneumonia, bronchitis, skin irritation.

Question 26

What are some long term effects?

Answer 26

Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, impacts liver, spleen and blood and reproductive system.

Question 27

What are some ways to decrease air pollution in built environments?

Answer 27

1. Monitoring ambient air quality. 2. Smoking ban in public areas. 3. Indoor air quality guidelines.

Question 28

What are some legislative requirements to control air pollution?

Answer 28

1. Indoor air quality guidelines 2. Environment protection agencies 3. Haze alerts 4. Smog day alerts 5. Emissions control on vehicles and businesses