Soul, mind and body Flashcards
Did Aristotle believe in an afterlife?
No. But he believed that reason was eternal.
Was Descartes a monist or a dualist?
Dualist. He believed that the body and soul were seperate.
What are the two beliefs of minis?
Either the ‘soul’ does not exist; the physical body is all there is (materialism) OR the mind/soul and the physical body together make up personal identity. Therefore, if humans survive death, it is as a united form (resurrection).
What does Plato believe are the three aspects of the soul?
Reason (charioteer), spirit (the way that you behave) and desire (your wants).
What does Plato believe about the body?
That it restrains our soul and is a prison. It’s physical and therefore separate from the soul.
What did philosopher Anthony Kenny believe?
That children’s tantrums illustrate how they’re ruled by passions and haven’t developed the reason to govern them.
Plato was influenced by Pythagoras and believed…
in the transmigration of the soul. When the body dies, the soul is released and can return to the world of the forms from where it can them possess another body.
Plato was influenced by Heraclitus and believed…
that the physical world consists of opposites. All things are in a constant state of motion/flux between two opposites. The existence of one makes the existence of the other necessary. Light/dark life/death body/soul.
What did Plato believe about the body and the soul?
Bodies are corruptible ans changeable but our psyches are forms- eternal and imperishable.
What’s the theory of affinity?
Distinguishes between things that are immaterial, invisible, and immortal, and those that are material, visible, and perishable.
What did Plato and Aristotle believe had a soul?
P- only humans. A- every living thing.
What did Aristotle believe had a vegetative soul?
Plants because they possess the faculty of nutrition; they obtain food and it keeps them alive.
What did Aristotle believe had a sensitive soul?
Animals because they possess the faculty of perception, desire and movement.
What did Aristotle believe had a rational soul?
Humans because the possess the faculty of intellect.
What did Aristotle believe we’re the faculties of the soul?
Nutrition, perception, desire, movement and intellect.
What does Aristotle believe about the soul being separated from the body?
A soul can’t live without a body any more than skills can be separated from a skilled person.
Soul
Often, but not always, understood to be non-physical essence of person
Consciousness
Awareness or perception
Substance
A subject which has different properties attributed to it
Dualism
The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts, such as good and evil, or physical and non-physical
Substance dualism
The belief that the mind and the body both exist as two distinct and seperate realities
Scepticism
A questioning approach which does not take assumptions for granted
Materialism
The belief that only physical matter exists, and that the mind can be explained in physical terms as chemical activity in the brain
Reductive materialism
Otherwise known as identity theory- the view that mental events are identical with physical occurrences in the brain
