Soul, mind and body

Question 1

Did Aristotle believe in an afterlife?

Answer 1

No. But he believed that reason was eternal.

Question 2

Was Descartes a monist or a dualist?

Answer 2

Dualist. He believed that the body and soul were seperate.

Question 3

What are the two beliefs of minis?

Answer 3

Either the ‘soul’ does not exist; the physical body is all there is (materialism) OR the mind/soul and the physical body together make up personal identity. Therefore, if humans survive death, it is as a united form (resurrection).

Question 4

What does Plato believe are the three aspects of the soul?

Answer 4

Reason (charioteer), spirit (the way that you behave) and desire (your wants).

Question 5

What does Plato believe about the body?

Answer 5

That it restrains our soul and is a prison. It’s physical and therefore separate from the soul.

Question 6

What did philosopher Anthony Kenny believe?

Answer 6

That children’s tantrums illustrate how they’re ruled by passions and haven’t developed the reason to govern them.

Question 7

Plato was influenced by Pythagoras and believed…

Answer 7

in the transmigration of the soul. When the body dies, the soul is released and can return to the world of the forms from where it can them possess another body.

Question 8

Plato was influenced by Heraclitus and believed…

Answer 8

that the physical world consists of opposites. All things are in a constant state of motion/flux between two opposites. The existence of one makes the existence of the other necessary. Light/dark life/death body/soul.

Question 9

What did Plato believe about the body and the soul?

Answer 9

Bodies are corruptible ans changeable but our psyches are forms- eternal and imperishable.

Question 10

What’s the theory of affinity?

Answer 10

Distinguishes between things that are immaterial, invisible, and immortal, and those that are material, visible, and perishable.

Question 11

What did Plato and Aristotle believe had a soul?

Answer 11

P- only humans. A- every living thing.

Question 12

What did Aristotle believe had a vegetative soul?

Answer 12

Plants because they possess the faculty of nutrition; they obtain food and it keeps them alive.

Question 13

What did Aristotle believe had a sensitive soul?

Answer 13

Animals because they possess the faculty of perception, desire and movement.

Question 14

What did Aristotle believe had a rational soul?

Answer 14

Humans because the possess the faculty of intellect.

Question 15

What did Aristotle believe we’re the faculties of the soul?

Answer 15

Nutrition, perception, desire, movement and intellect.

Question 16

What does Aristotle believe about the soul being separated from the body?

Answer 16

A soul can’t live without a body any more than skills can be separated from a skilled person.

Question 17

Soul

Answer 17

Often, but not always, understood to be non-physical essence of person

Question 18

Consciousness

Answer 18

Awareness or perception

Question 19

Substance

Answer 19

A subject which has different properties attributed to it

Question 20

Dualism

Answer 20

The belief that reality can be divided into two distinct parts, such as good and evil, or physical and non-physical

Question 21

Substance dualism

Answer 21

The belief that the mind and the body both exist as two distinct and seperate realities

Question 22

Scepticism

Answer 22

A questioning approach which does not take assumptions for granted

Question 23

Materialism

Answer 23

The belief that only physical matter exists, and that the mind can be explained in physical terms as chemical activity in the brain

Question 24

Reductive materialism

Answer 24

Otherwise known as identity theory- the view that mental events are identical with physical occurrences in the brain

Question 25

Category error

Answer 25

A problem of language that arises when things are talked about as if they belong to one category when in fact they belong to another