Soul, Mind And Body Flashcards
What is another word meaning the soul?
Self
What is the soul to religious believers?
The part that is capable of having a relationship with God
What is the paradox of Theseus’ ship?
If Theseus had a ship and replaced every part one by one each year until all had been replaced,
Then an energy collects the pieces and made their own ship would it be the original?
What is dualism?
The view that there are two different types of existence: mental and physical
What is substance dualism?
Descartes’ version where the two different types of existence are also different substances
What is monism?
The view that there is one kind of existence
What is materialism?
The view that the one kind of existence is a physical substance
What did Plato believe the body was?
A prison for the soul
What analogy for Plato explains the make up of the soul?
The Charioteer analogy
What is the charioteer analogy?
Two horses (will and appetite) are controlled by the charioteer (reason)
Unless the charioteer controlled the reins the stronger horse (appetite) would take over
What type of connection did Plato believe the soul mind and body had?
Dualism
What did he believe the soul was?
Non-material
(Therefore indestructible)
What did Socrates believe the soul was?
The essence of life
Why did Socrates believe that the soul couldn’t die?
It is what gives a body life
From the chariot analogy what was Plato’s view of the soul called?
‘Tripartite view’
(Three elements : reason, will, appetite)
As life follows death and death follows life where did Plato believe the soul travelled to?
Realm of the forms
What is the life following death analogy called?
The cyclical nature of existence
What is the Myth of Er?
A soldier called Er died on a battlefield
10 days later fighting had stopped
2 days after that he woke up and claimed to experienced the afterlife
He went in front of judges who judged if you were good or not
What would’ve happened if you were good?
You could choose your next life
What would’ve happened if you were bad?
You received 10x the inflicted pain you put on others
Then given a different life
What did Plato believe non philosophers went in a cycle of?
Reward the punishment
Why did Er say we couldn’t remember the forms?
We drink a liquid that makes us forget
Did Aristotle agree with Plato?
No
What type of connection did Aristotle believe the mind body and soul had?
Materialism
Why did Aristotle reject the realm of the forms?
Lacked empirical evidence
What cause was the soul for Aristotle?
The formal cause
Who disagrees that the formal cause is unscientific?
F. Bacon
What can science not yet understand?
Reason and conciousness
What examples does he give to show the body and soul cannot be divided?
An axe (body) and it’s ability to cut (soul)
An eye (body) and it’s ability to see (soul)
What is an analogy showing how the body and soul can’t be separated?
The wax and seal analogy
It’s impossible to separate the imprint of the seal from the wax
What’s Aristotles hierarchy of being?
Where different things haven’t different elements making up their soul