Soul, mind and body

Question 1

What is Plato’s view of the soul?

Answer 1

Plato is a substance dualist. Putting forward a dualistic understanding of soul and body

Question 2

Plato- what is the difference between soul and body

Answer 2

Body:
Temporary, changing, physical, controlled by senses, mad of parts.
Soul:
Eternal, unchanging, immaterial, capable of reason (leading to true knowledge), indivisible (whole)

Question 3

What is the argument of opposites

Answer 3

Every quality comes into being from its opposite (light only exists because darkness does as well). The body and soul are opposites. The body decays and dies while the soul is eternal. The soul cannot die as it gives life so must always have existed

Question 4

Criticism of argument from opposites

Answer 4

Plato assumes that soul is opposite of body. Not everything has an opposite

Question 5

Argument of recollection

Answer 5

The soul goes to the world of forms between incarnation where it witnesses true knowledge. Through anamnesis we remember the forms of beauty or justice from this time.

Question 6

How does Plato illustrate recollection?

Answer 6

The slave boy story shows that a boy with no education uses knowledge from before birth to solve a puzzle

Question 7

Argument of recollection

Answer 7

How can the soul ‘see’ the forms. Maybe the slave boy was learning

Question 8

What is the body/soul conflict?

Answer 8

The soul is trapped in the body. It’s goal is to escape to the world of the forms

Question 9

What is Aristotle’s view on the soul

Answer 9

He believe that that the body and soul are one single unity.this is called monism

Question 10

How does the Aristotle illustrate his view?

Answer 10

The soups part of the body like how a stamp imprints in was. They are inseparable

Question 11

Does Aristotle believe in life after death

Answer 11

No. He believes the soul and body are single so die together

Question 12

How does Aristotle say there is no life after death

Answer 12

When the body is dead then the soul has no abilit to fulfill its purpose

Question 13

What is the hierarchy of the soul

Answer 13

Aristotlebelieves that all things posses a soul

Question 14

What is the body soul relationship for Aristotle

Answer 14

Thread body means the formal cause (the soul) has died with the body. The soul animâtes and gives life

Question 15

What is consciousness

Answer 15

Self-awareness. We are aware of our thoughts and feelings. It is entirely private to us

Question 16

What is the mind/body problem?

Answer 16

How are the mind and body related. How can consciousness be explained and is it separate from the body

Question 17

What was descartes method of thinking

Answer 17

Scepticism. He disregarded all previous philosophy questioned absolutely everything

Question 18

What problems did descartes face?

Answer 18

If mind and body are separate then how do they interact so closely.

Question 19

How did descartes explain the connection between mind and body

Answer 19

He said there was two of everything in the world except the pineal gland that at the time had no use. He said this was the place where the mind met the body

Question 20

Successes of descartes

Answer 20

He allows for life after death

We do appear to be more than bodies

Question 21

Problems of descartes

Answer 21

He asserts his thinking

The pineal gland is now known to have a use