Soul Mind And Bidy Flashcards
What is Substance Dualism?
(two mind and body) physical mind and Non-Physical body
What is Materialism?
is the mind and body are not separate things
What is Psyche?
Greek word for mind/soul
What is Monism?
One substance not two
What is Reductionism?
everything can be reduced to statement about physical bodies
Plato view about soul?
-that the soul and body are separate entities he believes the body is temporary
-For Plato the soul is immortal, but the body is not
What is paleo argument about disembodied and embodied support his argument?
-When the soul goes to the Noeton its disembodied
-When the soul is reincarnated (metempsychosis) its embodied existence after death
What does plato quote mean “the body is the source of endless trouble’’ ?
Plato hates the body he calls it a burden and hindrance because it prison our soul and reasons the body requires food, filled with fear, diseases and illness and fills us with loves and lust which gives us endless trouble because Body is a prison to our soul just similar to the cave was in the analogy
Evaluation plato is right there is a separate soul?
-Plato does seem to describe the human experience of inner conflict. For example, I may know that I should go to the gym to keep healthy, but I feel too tired or lazy.This could mean that reason is not in control of my soul.
-The soul using reason can access the World of Forms because it remembers this world priori to being incarnated into the body
-We know what is fair or unfair before we have learned this because our soul recalls the Form of Justice from the World of the Forms.
Evaluation Plato is wrong, there is not a separate soul?
-Inner conflict could be explained as emotion or lack of maturity.it could be due to DNA or upbringing because we are more easily swayed towards emotions
-Peter Geach, criticises this argument. He asks how a disembodied soul can ‘see’ the Forms when ‘seeing’ is a physical process.
-In Plato’s example of the slave boy, Socrates questions seem to lead the boy to the answer step by step. Even without an education, he could arrive at the answer by learning, not recalling.
What Aristotle view on the soul and body?
-Aristotle recognise the soul cannot be separated from the body. For Aristotle the soul was inseparable from the living body in the same way that a shape stamped into melted wax is inseparable from the physical wax
-Aristotle thought this soul or essence was not an invisible part of the person but included the matter and structure of the body along with what the person does and is capable of
-The body is animated by the soul which gives it life=the soul is the formal cause of human.The soul does not survive after death they do not separate and there is no ‘person’ left just matter
Why does Descartes believe mine and body are separate?
He notes how sense experience may be mistaken and can easily be mislead and decided that he could doubt everything because he could be deceived by an evil demon and even his body could be an illusion and may not exist. This might mean the the material world and even my body might be an illusion
-He concluded there is only one thing you can trust =Cognito ‘‘I think therefore I am’’ this means you are 100% sure of your own mind aware of my own head but not your head so do I know if they exist
-This means the body and soul are wholly separate substances Example ‘‘another limb was taken away from my body nothing would be taken from my mind’’. Descartes argues that since the thinking mind can be separated from the existence of a body, it must be in a different sort of substance.
What does Descartes suggest the link between the mind and body is?
pineal gland in the centre of the brain because there is only one of them.
What does Gilbert Ryle argue against Descartes?
•Ryle argues that Descartes incorrectly sees the physical, mechanical actions of the body being controlled by the mysterious and non-material like a ‘ghost in a machine’.A non-physical ghost could not pull the levers and handles to make a machine work. Ryle suggests that this problem arises because of an incorrect use of language
•Argues the mind and body two separate things is a a ‘category error’example if someone says Liverpool have a good team spirit ; It would be a category error to ask ‘which number shirt is team spirit wearing?’
What is a category mistake?
is mistakenly treating something as being of one type when it is of a different type?
