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2nd year Philosophy - Existentialism and Phenomenology > Søren Kierkegaard - The Ages > Flashcards

Søren Kierkegaard - The Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Kierkegaard was famously a strong critic of which branch of philosophy?

A

Idealism

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2
Q

Kierkegaard blended which two styles of writing?

A

Philosophical and literary

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3
Q

What are the three main terms which encapsulate Kierkegaard’s philosophy?

A

‘Leap to faith’, ‘knight of faith’, ‘inwardness’

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4
Q

Who was known as ‘The Enemy’ of Kierkegaard?

A

Hegel

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5
Q

Hegel was the key name associated with what?

A

German idealism

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6
Q

Which two parts of Hegel’s philosophy was Kierkegaard strongly against?

A

‘Abstraction’ and ‘essentialism’

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7
Q

Kierkegaard argued Hegel’s philosophy separated the ‘Concept’ from the what?

A

The lived concerns of the individual

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8
Q

What does the prefix ‘para-‘ mean in the word ‘paradox’?

A

Against or beyond

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9
Q

What does the suffix ‘-doxa’ mean in the word ‘paradox’?

A

Common belief

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10
Q

As opposed to ‘idealist’ philosophy, Kierkegaard believes in ‘…’ of existence’.

A

Paradoxes

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11
Q

What are ‘paradoxes of existence’?

A

Aspects of existence that strike as absurd and beyond our control

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12
Q

What does existentialism ask, regarding the ‘paradoxes of existence’?

A

How can we respond to them?

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13
Q

Kierkegaard believed “…the paradox is the source of the thinker’s”…”.

A

Passion

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14
Q

Name at least three possible responses to the ‘paradoxes of existence’ (such as the Camus problem that when we ask big questions, the universe is silent).

A

Humour, despair, anxiety, depression, inwardness, passion, irony…

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15
Q

What are the two ages Kierkegaard contrasts?

A

‘The Age of Revolution’ and ‘The Present Age’

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16
Q

What five key words does Kierkegaard use to describe an ‘Age of Revolution’?

A

‘Immediate’, ‘passionate’/’enthusiastic’, ‘decisive’, ‘creative’, ‘heroic’

17
Q

What does an ‘Age of Revolution’ desire?

A

To ‘overthrow everything, set everything aside’

18
Q

Why does Kierkegaard claim an ‘essentially passionate’ ‘Age of revolution’ has ‘not nullified the principle of contradiction’? - Two Ages

A

Since it ‘can become either good or evil’

19
Q

“decision is the little”…” - Two Ages

A

Magic word that existence respects

20
Q

What does Kierkegaard argue will happen if an ‘individual refuses to act’?

A

Existence won’t help

21
Q

Kierkegaard describes ‘reflection’ in one word as what?

A

Fruitless

22
Q

The ‘either/or’ mindset ‘depends upon the individual’s’ what?

A

Impassioned desire

23
Q

What halts us from making decisions and makes us lose our ‘essential enthusiasm’?

A

Our understanding of the consequences of an action

24
Q

Kierkegaard describes the ‘either/or’ ‘disjunction’ as ‘impassioned’. What does he describe the ‘both, and’ ‘conjunction’ as?

A

Reflective

25
Q

‘The Present Age’ is characterised by which nouns?

A

‘Reflection’, ‘relativism’, ‘day-dreaming’, ‘resentment’, ‘apathy’, ‘risk aversion’

26
Q

Which three crucial concepts did Kierkegaard believe pertained to the ‘Present Age’?

A

‘Levelling’, ‘The Press’, ‘The Public’

27
Q

Kierkegaard describes the ‘Present Age’ as a ‘Sensible, Reflecting Age’ and an age that is ‘prudentially relaxing…’ in what? - Two Ages

A

Indolence

28
Q

Slavoj Zizek describes ‘The Decaffeinated Other’ as ‘…products deprived of their malignant property: coffee without caffeine, cream without fat, beer without alcohol.’…‘sex without sex’ (e.g., porn, sex bots) …’warfare with no casualties’ (e.g., drone strikes). These phenomena suggest our age has become even more what?

A

Risk averse

29
Q

Kierkegaard argues the essence of the ‘Present Age’ involves what?

A

Levelling

30
Q

To take the lead in ‘levelling’ is to…

A

Escape it

31
Q

‘levelling’ is “… abstraction’s victory over”…”

A

Individuals

32
Q

Who is responsible for ‘levelling’ according to Kierkegaard?

A

The Public

33
Q

‘The Public’ is famously described by Kierkegaard in two words as a…

A

Monstrous abstraction

34
Q

What is the main paradox of ‘The Public’?

A

It is ‘an all encompassing something that is nothing’

35
Q

What are two more words similar to the word ‘illusion’ that Kierkegaard uses to describe ‘The Public’?

A

Mirage and phantom

36
Q

‘levelling’ is achieved through what?

A

The Press

37
Q

Kierkegaard believed when ‘empowered’, the ‘Present Age’ will be more influential on society than the ‘Revolutionary Age’ was. - True or false?

A

True

38
Q

Kierkegaard thinks the ‘Present Age’ is what?

A

Risk averse

39
Q

How would a passionate age react to an expert skater skating over a lake of thin ice who returned to land safely, according to Kierkegaard?

A

They would cheer and deify him

2nd year Philosophy - Existentialism and Phenomenology (4 decks)

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