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Clinical Teaching > Sore Throat > Flashcards

Sore Throat Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

12cm flattened tube extending from the base of the skull to the oesophagus

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2
Q

Describe the mulsulature of the pharynx

A
  • Inner longitudinal layer
  • Outer circular layer composed of superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles.
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3
Q

Describe the divisions of the pharynx

A
  1. Nasopharynx - base of skull to soft palate
  2. Oropharynx - soft palate to floor of vallecula
  3. Hypopharynx - floor of vallecula to oesophagus
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4
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A
  • Protection of trachea and bronchi
  • Assisting respiration
  • Phonation
  • Effort closure
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5
Q

What is the mainstream treatment for common sore throat?

A
  • Fluids
  • NSAIDs
  • Rest
  • Steroids (for extreme swelling)
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6
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of strep throat

A
  • Red throat and tonsils
  • Neck nodes
  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • Odynophagia (pain on swallowing)
  • Caused by group B streptococcus
    • Treat with penicillin
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7
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of tonsilitis

A
  • Sore throat
  • Dysphagia
  • Fever
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8
Q

What is the treatment for tonsilitis?

A
  • Reassurance
  • Usually add in antibiotic - penicillin
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9
Q

What are the SIGN guidelines for tonsillectomy?

A
  • 7 episodes in one year
  • Bleeding and pain
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10
Q

What is quinsy?

A
  • Peritonsillar abscess
  • Complication of tonsillitis
  • 2x is indication for tonsillectomy
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11
Q

What is the key sign of quinsy?

A

Trismus (patient can’t open mouth)

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12
Q

What action is required for a patient presenting with quinsy?

A

DRAIN IT

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13
Q

What is glandular fever?

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis
    • Epstein Barr virus
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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of glandular fever?

A
  • Large tonsils
  • Greyish / white exudate
  • Neck lymphadenopathy
  • Monospot
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15
Q

Describe croup

A
  • Laryngotracheobronchitis
  • Occurs in babies 6m-3y
  • Viral
  • Gradual onset
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16
Q

Describe the onset and symptoms of croup

A
  • Gradual onset
  • URTI (upper respiratory tract infection)
  • Barking cough
  • Stridor (noise around larynx)
17
Q

What are the treatment options for croup?

A
  • Reassurance
  • Opening airway with adrenaline nebuliser
  • Intubation
18
Q

What is supraglottitis?

A
  • Bacterial infection of tissues in the larynx above the glottis
19
Q

Describe the onset and symptoms of supraglottitis

A
  • Rapid onset of symptoms
  • Fever
  • Odynophagia
  • Drooling
  • Difficulty breathing
20
Q

What are the treatment options for supraglottitis?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Nebulisers
  • Intubation if necessary
21
Q

Describe deep neck space infections

A
  • Swelling with / without abscess in the neck
  • Occurs often following tonsillits, dental abscess, trauma
  • Needs to be imaged
  • Can cause airway compromise
  • Needs intubation and draining
22
Q

What are the symptoms of diptheria?

A
  • Looks like tonsillitis initially
  • Grey membrane develops over pharynx
  • Can cause airway compromise
23
Q

What is the treatment for diptheria?

A

Antobiotics and antitoxin

24
Q

Describe fungal sore throats

A
  • Most commonly thrush
  • Often chronic irritation rather than pain
  • Occurs:
    • after antibiotics
    • after radiotherapy
  • White patches in the throat
25
Q

Why is stridor an important clinical indication?

A

It can be a sign of impending airway compromise

26
Q

What are the symptoms of oropharyngeal cancer?

A
  • Otalgia
  • Neck lump
    • Dysphagia
    • Odynophagia
    • Change in voice
    • Lazy tongue (hypoglossal nerve palsy)
27
Q

Describe pain associated with throat cancer

A
  • Throat pain is rare
  • Ear pain is common (otalgia)
    • Referred pain from vagus nerve
28
Q

What are the symptoms of laryngeal cancer?

A
  • Hoarseness
  • Neck node
  • Late presentation is a problem
29
Q

What is a laryngectomy?

A

Surgical resection of the larynx and separation of the airway from the GI tract.

Clinical Teaching (12 decks)

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