SOR UNIT 4 Flashcards
reincarnation
the actions of one person leads to a new existence after death in an endless cycle (samsara)
karma
every action has a consequence that accumulates to determine a persons afterlife
dharma
cosmic law and order which dictates how everything should be
nirvana
the end of suffering via the cessation of desire
samsara
cycle of rebirth which the soul needs to be liberated from to reach nirvana
3 marks of existence
anicca - impermanence
dukkha - suffering
anatta - final release of self
Theravada Death Rituals
rebirth is immediate
the funeral features a shrine and a mantra
Mahayana Death Rituals
7 weeks of rebirth
funerals extend 7 days
Jewish Revelation
Moses speaks directly to God
Jewish Ethics
Sacredness of Human life
humanity is created in the image of G-d
Covenant between Abraham and G-d
Pikuach Nefesh
Jewish birth Rituals
circumcision - the physical sign of the covenant
brit mahan - mohel
8 days after birth - given Hebrew name
Jewish death rituals
preparing the body for correct burial - ritual cleanse (Taharan)
fast burials to free the soul from the physical constraints of the body
mouring period - shiva
Pikuach Nefesh
Sanctity of life - preservation of human life overrides any other commandment
all life is sacred - made in the image and likeness of G-d
Jewish Sin
violation of any of the mitzvot - going astray
divine and human justice (J)
there is a relationship with human and divine justice
G-d’s justice is dispensed through wise judges
the covenant
between Abraham and G-d - treat humans with dignity and respect
free will
G-d gave human beings free will, they use this to obey mitzvot
repentance
Eiul - month of self-reflection - turning away from wrongdoing
Pillars of Islam
- Shahada (faith)
- Salat (prayer)
- Zakat (charity)
- Sawm (fasting)
- Hajj (pilgrimage)
Islam Sacred Text
Qur’an - word of God
Hadith- interpretation of the Qur’an
revelation to the Prophet
God’s direct communication to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibr’ail
Predestination
mystery of free will vs God’s decision to set when one is born - implies responsibility for ones action
Greater Jihad
inner struggle of all muslims everyday to be a good muslim
Lesser Jihad
legitimate use of force against those who would do evil
Islamic Birth Rituals
adhan - whisper in babies ear
Circumcision - cleansing
head shave - charity
aqiqah - sacrifice of sheep (ummah)
Islamic Death Ritual
kafan - body wrapped in white cloth
salat-al-janazah - funeral prayer
body faces mecca
3 day mourning period
Death= end of life but not the end of life with Allah
Islam Ethics
Submission to the Will of Allah
Hinduism Ethics
Karmic Consequences:
beneficial effects derived from past beneficial actions and harmful effects from past actions creating a system of actions and reactions throughout a souls reincarnated lives, forming a cycle of rebirth
Hindu Death Rituals
sannyasa - final stage of life, occurs after death - dedicated to making sure the atman is prepared for rebirth after the physical body dies
antyeshthi - cremation - fire is the gateway to the spiritual world - ashes scattered
moksha
breaking of samsara - freedom from rebirth
samsara (H)
cycle of birth, death, rebirth
karma (H)
every action has an equal and opposite reaction/ consequence
good karma leads to moksha, bad karma leads to bad rebirth
Hinduism Sacred Text
Vedas - recieved by scholars
Brahman
The Truth is experienced by those who take part
Samskara
System of lifecycle rituals
Christian Revelation
the birth, life, death and resurrection of Christ reveals God’s plan for humanity
Incarnation
God became human throug hJesus
resurrection (C)
Jesus rose from the dead to ascend to Heaven
Salvation
Jesus’ death and resurrection ensured salvation for Christians in the after life
human dignity
all humans are made in the likeness of God
Agape
universal Christian Love
Baptism
purification and initiation
Funeral
sacredness of human life
Christian Ethics
sacredness of human life - “Love your neighbour as yourself” - created in the image of God - human life is sacred and God given
Cairo Declaration
Islams Response to UDHR - based on Sharia’ah law (criticised for not protecting women or non-muslims)
Krishnaswami Study
study of discrimination in the matter of religious rights and practices (16 basic rules to protect religious freedoms)
UDHR
30 articles set out the fundamental human rights - inalienable and universal- recognised as an important part of international law, each country is responsible for enacting legislation.
Written in response to the Holocaust
Linear World View
each person exists for a single life on earth - after death, our souls are released from their physical bodies and judged based on their beliefs and actions
those that believe in God follow his teachings and will move to Heaven / Paradise or endure spiritual punishment in Hell
Cyclical world View
human life moves in rebirth - after our physical bodies die, our souls return to the natural world
Transmigration of the soul
moksha/nirvana - breaks the cycle to achieve enlightenment/liberation
1981 Resolution to the UDHR
Article 4 requests that all states take effective measures to prevent and eliminate discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief in the recognition, exercise and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms in all fields of civil, economical, social, or cultural life
Artice 2 of UDHR
forbids distinction of any kind - including religion
Article 18
specifically relates to religious rights and what they include
Article 26
references the right of education and religious groups
