SOR II AA1 Flashcards
The dreaming relates to…
Land
Language
Law
Identity
Dances
Stories
Kinship
Map of country (Song lines)
Moiety
Totems
what is kinship?
Grandparents and elders do most teaching and story telling
Everybody takes care of each other - community is family
three foundations of kinship
- Moiety: is a system whereby everything is considered a half of a whole, and therefore is a mirror of the other
- Totems: an individual will hold at least four Totems representing their nation, clan, family group and personal totem.
- Skin Names: similar to a surname, indicates bloodline, they are individual (families dont share a skin name).
art is a way to…
incorporate ancestor spirits into ceremony and daily life
Ceremonies allow
connection and embodiment of spirit ancestors through story, dance and ritual
dreaming is connected to
the land which is the physical medium through which the Dreaming is lived and communicated. The land is a resting place for ancestral beings
totems
link to land, plants, animals and landforms
obligations
the land and all it contains is held in a sacred trust
effect of colonisation
termed ‘terra nullius’
separation of people from land/kinship
dispossession
dispossession and separation from kinship groups led to…
loss of:
spiritual connections
language
culture
kinship
identity
story
separation from kinship groups causes
inability to pass on stories, practice rituals, loss of language and away from ancestors. separation of family destroyed kinship systems, totems disrupted
sorry day
26th may every year - acknowledges mistreatment, grief, trauma and loss suffered by by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who were forcibly removed from their families and communities, this is known as the Stolen Generation
assimilation policies
The forcible removal of First Nations children from their families, which claimed that the lives of First Nations people would be improved if they became part of white society. aim to make indigenous people and their spirituality disappear
overall continuing effects of stolen generation
lower life expectancy, high rates of infant mortality
and over representation in prisons
Mabo decision aim
1992, fighting for laws recognising Indigenous ownership and connection to land,
native title act
1993, right for Indigenous people to live on their land, discrediting Captin Cooks 1972 claim of Terra Nullius, due to result of Mabo decision
Wik
1996, Queensland Vs Wik people,
- access of aboriginal people to native title in terms of lease hold land
- 93% of the NT was pastoral leased land
- two forms of title could be held at once, granting land rights
- lead to amendment of Aboriginal land rights Act 2001
Amendment of the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 2001
Wik lead to the Amendment of the Aboriginal land rights act 2001 with aim to improve the aboriginal land rights act 1983.
More justice for the people, recognition of suffering and reaffirms connection
importance of Dreaming for Land Rights movement
sacred sites are integral to dreaming, gaining back land, and connection to ancestors
totem connection, spiritual obligation, free practice of ceremony
Increasingly ____ religious as australia becomes ____________ ________
Increasingly less religious as australia becomes increasingly secular
1947 to 2021 census - percentage of christians
86% - 44% drastic decrease
1947 to 2021 census - percentage of muslims
0.04% - 3.2%
1947 to 2021 census - percentage of hindus
0% - 2.7%
1971 to 2021 census - percentage of buddhists
0.01% - 2.4%
census data for non religion 1971 to 2021
7% to 39%
institutionalised religion in australia
christianity
no. of catholics going
down
no. of anglicans
going down
no. of uniting church
going down
no. of orthodox
going up
no. of pentecostal
going up
denominational switching
switching from one christian denomination to another
secularism
the separation of religion from government and political activities of a country
sectarianism
strong support for a religious group a person follows, usually involving conflict with other groups
The christian ecumenical movements in australia provide…
a platform for issues in australia which all denominations can discuss and make a difference
Act for peace
support for Palestine, Iraq, Ethiopia and Afghanistan
NCCA create
Christmas Bowl to raise money for Aid
NSW Ecumenical Council - State
Family violence commission charter, engage with igos and ngos , work with church safe to provide resource
interfaith dialogue in multi faith australia
Positive and cooperative interaction between different religions, aims to promote tolerance
Federation of ethnic communities of councils of australia:
Aims to bring women of different religions together in order to promote harmony, understanding
Afinity Intercultural foundation
2001, increase awareness, provide awareness of muslim community in australia, provide avenue for youth to interact with other youth
Australian Council or Christians and Jews
1985, forum for dialouge, strong focus on education, commemorates the victims of violence
Originally, the relationship between christianity and indigenous was…
bad, settlers forced their religion on them and invaded their country, they banned their spirituality.
world view
perspective on the world formed by religion
theism
the belief in the existence of a creator who intervenes in the universe
pantheism
God is in all, in nature
Buddhism, Hinduism, New Age religions, taoism
atheism
no God at all we’re js human, no life after death
animism
belief all natural objects had a spirit includes plants, animal, weather, humans
e.g. shintoism and aboriginal spirituality
polytheism
the belief in or worship of multiple Gods
e.g. greek, egyptian, aztec
monotheism
belief and worship of one God, 3 o’s,
e.g. Christianity and Islam
omniscient
all seeing
omnipresent
everywhere
omnipotent
all knowning
deism
belief in one God who doesn’t intervene
social cohesion
binds society together harmoniously, ritual and practice, reinforces identity, bonds within community
role of social outreach, charity and community work
brings people together through shared vision, anglicare, muslim aid australia, connect individuals to a common past, provide traditions, strengthen the identity of that society.
social transformation
affirms traditions, tool to change or keep society same, religious groups are main contributors for justice campaigns, justice will transform society to fair place
example of positive social transformation
christian theology is responsible for change in Chile and Guatamala for equal rights
example of negative social transformation
in India, hindus believe that karma will determine class in this lifetime
christianity 32%
began in middle east, spread through roman empire, great schism in 1054, reformation for divorce caused church of england, colonisation spread christianity, largest tradition 2.2 billion adherents
islam 25%
mainly arab spread to asia, spead through north africa, crusades killed muslims, 2nd largest tradition 1.6 billion adherents
Hinduism 15%
mainly india sub-continent and fiji, dependent on culture, 3rd largest tradition 1 billion adherents
Buddhism 6.6%
mainly asia, growing in western countries, two main types of buddhism, 4th largest tradition 500 million adherents
Judaism 0.2%
history of persecution, post holocaust population (over 6 million Jews killed) largest pop in US, second largest in Israel. many jews are reluctant to disclose their faith in fear of repression so hard to calculate numbers, 5th largest tradition 14 million adherents
rise of new age expression
A new religious expression is one that takes from an eclectic mix of spiritualties to create meaning and purpose in life
why new age religions
loss of credibility of mainstream traditions, response to science, dependence on rationalism, shift of traditional values, awareness of dissatisfaction, desire for meaningful ritual/community
what are new age religions drawn from
ancient religious beliefs, psychological framework, pseudo-scientific approaches to health and wellbeing
examples of new age religions
astrology, crystals, feng shui, magnetic field therapy, mumerology, palmistry, tai chi, spiritual healing, taro cards
how new age religions work
no formal structure, no particular commitment required, no doctrine of social renewal beyond the needs of the individual, no require any action of service for others
what do new age religions provide
search for personal fulfilment, vast practices and beliefs, flexibility of beliefs, freedom for the individual, science and traditional religions has ultimately failed hunger for answers to spiritual questions
Why look beyond traditional religions
- Increased secularism (you dont need to believe in god)
- suspicious or disillusioned with mainstream religions seek meaning elsewhere
- personal fulfilment is the goal, makes sense in a materialistic society
- seek moral guidance when religious guidance seems not current with society
- gives a new community to belong to
example of new religious expression
Wicca: modern version of ancient, nature-based religions promoting worship of female deity called ‘goddess’ embrace nature + femininity, reject traditional patriarchal authority, is a source of personal fulfilment epitomised
materialism
possessions and purchases make me happy, individualism
scientific progress
challenging authority, raise questions about worldview of traditional religious understandings, big bang
growth of ecological awareness
climate change, sustainability, connectivity to earth, wicca focuses on environmentalism and a natural goddess
why is there disenchantment with ‘traditional’ religious practice and guidance
outdated views, intolerance of homosexuality, no allowance of female priests or pastors/patriarchy, sexual abuse in the church, new religions focus on equality and loving the earth
agnosticism
still searching or haven’t made a decision or have no opinion because there isn’t enough evidence to make a judgement on existence of divine being, open minded
humanism
rejects the notion of the transcendent and asserts that solutions to the world’s problems reside in the human rather than divine intervention
Human experience of foundation of all morals
rational or secular humanism
focuses on the values of human beings, correct focus for truth resides in the human person, human reason is the highest form of authority
scientific or modern humanism
science and technology is the ultimate source of authority, emphasising use of science opposed to human reason to discover our purpose.
christian concept of transcendence
Believe God is transcendent being who exists outside of and beyond the human
God is the source of creation and gives purpose to life (afterlife)
humanism concept of transcendence
This world is all we have and reject notion of transcendence
No afterlife - only scientific evolution
christian idea of human person
human is viewed with dignity, as made in image of God, the role is to live humble, devoted life, money has no love (as its all for God) and only role is to serve the poor, believe in stewardship
humanism idea of human person
Humanists similarly believe in humans value, Believe humans are the highest form of life, Should work to improve conditions (earth) for human living, Believe our intellect, intelligence and problem solving abilities allowed adaptation
christian social responsibility
Strong views of social justice, responsibility and community involvement, have to contribute to making the world better, concern of afterlife, protection of environment (stewardship) and both have similar views, but christianity is with the doctrine of the bible
humanism social responsibility
Social justice, responsibility and community involvement, contribute to making the the world better to improve quality of life, no belief in afterlife, so bigger focus on contribution now, excess accumulation is harmful in the face of the poor and protection of environment
