Sonography Obgyn Flashcards
Oligohydramnios
Low amniotic level fluids
FGR can cause poor health for the fetus into adulthood. They include all except
Anorexia
Congenital malformation, drugs and chromosomal abnormalities are squally responsible for
Symmetric FGR/IUGR
BPP should only be performed when
Delivery of the fetus would be considered
Biophysical profile (BPP)
Combined observation of four separate fetal biophysical variables (fetal breathing movements, fetal body movement, fetal tone, aminotic fluid index) obtained via ultrasound. This can be done with or without a NST
Hypoxemia
Low oxygen blood level
A common cause of FGR is
Placental abnormalities
Idiopathic
Without known cause
Preeclampsia
Is a condition where elevated protein is discovered in the maternal urine
The predictive error of ultrasound ____ as the gestation increases
Increases
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
Estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference less than the 10th percentile for gestational age.
Small for gestational age (SGA)
Diagnosis used to describe an infant that is smaller than expected for the gestational age
A cause of intrauterine growth restriction is
Maternal hypertension
A typical growth patterns where the fetal AC lags the BPD, HC, and FL is known as
Asymmetric
Low birth weight (LBW)
Birth weight below 2,500 g or 5lbs 8oz
nuchal translucency (NT)
Subcutaneous fluid in the posterior region of the neck embryos and fetuses up to 14 weeks gestational age. Abnormally large nuchal translucencies have been associated a higher risk of chromosomal and structural abnormalities
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Hormones produced by trophoblast cells of the blastocyst which extends the life of the corpus luteum in the ovary. Most pregnancy tests are based on detection of hCG
The most accurate measurement for dating in early pregnancy is
CRL crown-rump length
Crown-rump length (CRL)
Measurement of longest axis of an embryo, determines gestational age
Naegale’s rule
Calculation to find a patients EDD
Take LMP
Add 1 year
Subtract 3 months
Add 7 days
Parity
Summary of a woman’s pregnancy outcomes. The most common description of parity is expressed in four numbers. The first is the number of term deliveries ; the second number is the number of preterm deliveries (usually after 24 weeks gestational age); the third is the number of other pregnancies and includes both spontaneous and therapeutic abortions; the fourth number is the woman’s living children
Gestational age (GA)
Duration of pregnancy counted from the first day of the last menstrual period expressed in weeks and days or fractions of weeks. A pregnancy typically lasts about 280 days or 40 weeks, counted from the first day of the last menstrual period and is commonly divided into three trimesters
First age
1st trimester- 0 days (first day ot last menstrual period) to end of the 13th week
Mean sac diameter (MSD)
Average mean diameter of the gestational sac used to determine gestational age
Conceptual age
Duration of pregnancy counted from fertilization (conception) expressed in hours or days. Also called embryonic age or post-ovulatory age
LMP
First day of last menstrual period
Gestational sac
First sonographic evidence of an intrauterine pregnancy, the fluid-filled blastocyst
Gravidity
A number of times a woman has been pregnant
Gravidity
A number of times a woman has been pregnant
Ultrasound in the first trimester is mostly performed to demonstrate
EDD,GA, and likelihood of continuing to term
Estimated date of delivery (EDD)
Due date, calculated by adding 280 days to the first day of the last menstrual period. Also called estimated date of confinement (EDC)
Signs of a tubal rupture may include all but:
UTI
When are ectopic pregnancies usually diagnosed ?
6-10 weeks
Interstitial pregnancy
Gestation located in the intramyometrial segment of the fallopian tube
Ectopic pregnancy can be caused by
Oviduct surgical history
___ cornual pregnancy
Gestation located within a rudimentary uterine horn or one horn of a bicornuate or septated uterus or a gestation located within a rudimentay horm of a uterus with a müllerian anomaly
____ cornual pregnancy
Gestation located within a rudimentary uterine horn or one horn of a bicornuate or septated uterus or a gestation located within a rudimentay horm of a uterus with a müllerian anomaly
____ cornual pregnancy
Gestation located within a rudimentary uterine horn or one horn of a bicornuate or septated uterus or a gestation located within a rudimentay horm of a uterus with a müllerian anomaly
____ ectopic pregnancy
Implantation of a fertilized ovum in any area outside of the endometrial cavity
____ intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
Form of birth control; small, plastic or copper, usually T-shaped device with a string attached to the end that is inserted into the uterus
____ Morison pouch
Hepatorenal recess; deep recess of the peritoneal cavity on the right side extending upward between the liver and the kidney; gravity dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity when in the supine position
____ Morison pouch
Hepatorenal recess; deep recess of the peritoneal cavity on the right side extending upward between the liver and the kidney; gravity dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity when in the supine position
A ruptured tubal pregnancy presents as a:
complex mass-like area representing hemorrhage and free fluid
Interstitial pregnancy occurs in the:
intramyometrial segment of the fallopian tube
Interstitial pregnancy occurs in the:
intramyometrial segment of the fallopian tube
abdominal pregnancy
Gestation located within the intraperitoneal cavity, apart from tubal, ovarian or intralegamentous sites
Heterotopic pregnancy means pregnancy:
simultaneously positioned intrauterine and extrauterine
Heterotopic pregnancy means pregnancy:
simultaneously positioned intrauterine and extrauterine
____ hypovolemic shock
Life-threatening condition due to a decrease in blood volume
Beta-hCG levels should approximately double every __________ hours:
48
hypovolemic shock
Life-threatening condition due to a decrease in blood volume
hypovolemic shock
Life-threatening condition due to a decrease in blood volume
Which ectopic pregnancy location can support a pregnancy the longest before detection?
Abdominal
Which ectopic pregnancy location can support a pregnancy the longest before detection?
Abdominal
heterotopic pregnancy
Concomitant intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy
____ cervical pregnancy
Gestation located within the endocervical canal
Ectopic pregnancy most often implant in the:
Fallopian tube
Ectopic pregnancy most often implant in the:
Fallopian tube
Even though it is implanted within the uterine cavity, a cornual pregnancy is classified as an ectopic pregnancy because of its propensity to rupture in the:
Second trimester
Even though it is implanted within the uterine cavity, a cornual pregnancy is classified as an ectopic pregnancy because of its propensity to rupture in the:
Second trimester
___ discriminatory cutoff
Level of β-hCG at which a normal intrauterine pregnancy can be seen with sonography
___ discriminatory cutoff
Level of β-hCG at which a normal intrauterine pregnancy can be seen with sonography
____ ovarian pregnancy
Gestation located in the ovary
If the umbilical/portal junction is not visualized while attempting an AC measurement, use the level of the fetal:
Stomach
The most accurate fetal measurement in the second and third trimester can be obtained from:
Multiple parameters
An HC measurement should be obtained:
using the outer edge of the calvarium at the level of the BPD
If the cerebellum is seen in a BPD measurement, the plane is ____ in the posterior portion of the image.
Too low
The fetal expected birth date is known as the EDC or:
EDD
The normal duration of pregnancy is:
40 weeks from LMP
Preferred technique for measuring the fetal abdomen and head circumference is:
Ellipse
The most common and routine measurements to assess the fetal growth and well being are:
BPD, HC, AC, FL
Fetal weight by ultrasound is frequently requested to rule out all except:
BPP
