songs

Question 1

Viderunt Omnes

Answer 1

Anonymous
Medieval
gregorian chant for christmas day.
religious chant.
text-setting, syllabic or melismatic.

Question 2

Columba Aspexit

Answer 2

Hildegard von Bingen
Medieval
chant –> monophonic, nonmetrical, way of setting apart and elevating a text as something sacred.
sent letters. music is notable for its melismas and wide range (high vs low pitch)

Question 3

Ave Maria

Answer 3

Josquin
Renaissance
balancing complexity and simplicity, structure and variation.
polyphonic piece with Latin text.
imitative polyphony– same melody but starts singing at different times, imitating previous voices.

Question 4

Moro Lasso

Answer 4

Carlo Gesualdo
Renaissance
polyphonic madrigal. killing, death.
word painting.

Question 5

Che si puo fare (What can you do)

Answer 5

Barbara Strozzi
Renaissance
word painting.

Question 6

Orfeo

Answer 6

Claudio Monteverdi
Baroque
first major surviving opera. variety of arias, duets, and dances. for local academic/intellectual society. for very small audience unlike today’s operas.

Question 7

C Major Prelude

Answer 7

J.S. Bach
Baroque
musical god!!!
philosopher of human experience. sacred and secular music.

Question 8

C Major Fugue

Answer 8

J.S. Bach
Baroque
compositional technique based on imitation.
subject is the main musical idea. counterpoint is the composition of two or more melodic lines simultaneously independent and create harmony tg.

Question 9

Giulio Cesare (Julius Caesar)

Answer 9

G.F. Handel
Baroque
composer of operas, oratorios, and instrumental music.
public opera, cosmopolitan, highly formulaic.

Question 10

Porgi Amor (The Marriage of Figaro)

Answer 10

W.A. Mozart
Classical
gained fame as child prodigy. Opera buffa: comic opera. psychologically complex characters through music. harness musical conventions to advance dramatic action. Overture– piece of music that introduces & sets the tone for the opera.

Question 11

Violin Concerto 9

Answer 11

Joseph Bologne
Classical
french enlightenment.
violin concertos. operas, symphonic-concerto. transition in musical economy: private patron –> public market for music.
Rondeau/rondo– keeps returning. ABACA

Question 12

Symphony no 5

Answer 12

Ludwig van Beethoven
Classical
german composer and pianist. composed in all genres, but particularly renowned for his symphonies.
classical to romantic era.
classical, heroic, late.
motivic, almost entirely based on one melodic cell (motif).
struggle between major and minor.

Question 13

Erlkonig (Elf-King)

Answer 13

Franz Schubert
Romantic
romanticism is longing for escape, god, connection to nature, means to express what is inexpressible.
solo voice with piano accompaniment (equal partners), settings of romantic poetry, intimate setting.

Question 14

Im wunderschonen Monat Mai (In the beautiful month of may)

Answer 14

Robert Schumann
romantic
piano music – poems set to music that tell a story/connected by theme.
abusive relationship w clara

Question 15

Liebst du um Schonheit (if you love for beauty)

Answer 15

Clara Schumann
Romantic
child prodigy. reshaped the recital genre. performing from memory.

Question 16

Ballade No. 1

Answer 16

Frederic Chopin
Romantic
primarily composed for solo piano. ballade –> long narrative poem.

Question 17

Prelude to Tristan and Isolde

Answer 17

Richard Wagner
Romantic
combining all aspects of music drama. music, words, staging, space.
Leifmotifs. He didn’t have the traditional opera form.
talks a lot about the operatic form and how he strays from that.

Question 18

The Sunken Cathedral

Answer 18

Claude Debussy
Impressionism: harmony for tone color, expanded scales, sonic bleeding, freedom of rhythm (meter obscured).
Modernism– shocking means of expression, inflected by science, tech, industry, urbaniation, nationalism, imperialism of late 19th century. isolation and alienation of individual.

Question 19

Pierrot Lunaire

Answer 19

Arnold Schoenberg
Modernism
Expressionism– subjective expression of an individual’s inner psyche in all its turbulence. abrupt, shocking contrasts, extreme harmonic experimentation
atonal music– not centered around a certain pitch.
Sprechstimme– speech singing.

Question 20

The Rite of Spring

Answer 20

Igor Stravinsky
Modernism
ballet
melody– short, cyclic, folk-like, ostinatos (short repeated musical phrases)
harmony– modern and modal (sound old)
rhythm is complex, relentless (driving force)
meter– extremely complex
timbre– huge orchestra, dry, percussive timbre
timbre– blocks of sound.

Question 21

Deep River

Answer 21

Harry T. Burleigh
20th Century United States
synthesized oral tradition of spirituals with Romantic art song techniques.

Question 22

West End Blues

Answer 22

Louis Armstrong
20th Century United States

Question 23

It Don’t Mean a Thing

Answer 23

Duke Ellington
20th Century United States

Question 24

Afro-American Symphony

Answer 24

William Grant Still
20th Century United States
symphonies, operas, and film scores. Harlem renaissance. fuses blues and symphonic elements

Question 25

Strange Fruit

Answer 25

Abel Meeropol, Billie Holiday
20th Century United States
protest song/music. think about the importance of the performance, intended audience, etc.

Question 26

Mississippi Goddamn

Answer 26

Nina Simone
20th Century United States
think about intended audience.
activist. song was censored in several states. protest music.

Question 27

Sonata 5

Answer 27

John Cage
20th Century United States
think about his vision of music. prepared piano – placed objects on piano.
indeterminacy, chance music. questioned traditional music aesthetics.

Question 28

A Love Supreme (or Psalm from A Love Supreme)

Answer 28

John Coltrane
20th Century United States
jazz saxophonist and composer. bebop to free jazz. explored new harmonic possibilities.
psalms are a song of praise, lamentation, and thanksgiving. sacred texts. often addressed to god.

Question 29

Tehillim (or Psalms)

Answer 29

Steve Reich
20th Century United States
shift attention from he and she and you outward toward it.
minimalism –> musical style w/ minimal musical material and emphasis on change/process.
consonant and consistent and harmony. steady beat. additive layers.
tech and phase process.