somethin!

Question 1

atom

Answer 1

smallest particle of an element

Question 2

element

Answer 2

pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

Question 3

compound

Answer 3

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Question 4

mixture

Answer 4

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Question 5

proton

Answer 5

subatomic particle that has a positive charge and found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 6

neutron

Answer 6

a subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

center of an atom,containing protons and neutrons

Question 8

shells

Answer 8

energy levels where the electrons are found.

Question 9

ion

Answer 9

a charged atom

Question 10

anion

Answer 10

a negatively charged ion (an atom that has gained electrons)

Question 11

cation

Answer 11

positively charged ion (atom that has lost electrons)

Question 12

isotope

Answer 12

atom of the same element that have different number of neutrons

Question 13

electron configuration

Answer 13

the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom

Question 14

ionic bonding

Answer 14

chemical bonding that results from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (electron transfer)

Question 15

covalent bonding

Answer 15

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 16

metalic bonding

Answer 16

the chemical bonding that results from between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of delocalised electrons

Question 17

graphite

Answer 17

a shiny , black substance that is used in pencils which is made of layers,held together by weak intermolecular forces that can slide over one another

Question 18

diamond

Answer 18

hardest mineral , made from carbon and lots of very strong covalent bonds

Question 19

simple molecules

Answer 19

they have very strong covalent bonds, but have very weak intermolecular forces(low melting points and boiling points ,dont conduct electricity)

Question 20

giant covalent

Answer 20

a type of bonding where lots of atoms are bonded by shared electrons.high melting /boiling points

Question 21

lattice

Answer 21

regular arrangement of particles.

Question 22

allotrope

Answer 22

one of two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state (e.g carbon = diamond,graphire and graphene etc)

Question 23

graphene

Answer 23

single layer of graphite

Question 24

alloy

Answer 24

a mixture of a metal and another substance (usually a metal but can be carbon)

Question 25

malleable

Answer 25

easy to shape or bend

Question 26

ductile

Answer 26

can be drawn into wires

Question 27

sonorous

Answer 27

producing a deep or full sound

Question 28

acid

Answer 28

compound that has hydrogen ions (H+)and a ph of 1-6

Question 29

alkali

Answer 29

compound that has hydroxide ions (OH-) and has a ph of up to 8-14

Question 30

neutral

Answer 30

ph 7(water)

Question 31

universal indicator

Answer 31

an indicator with a different colour for each ph value

Question 32

metal + acid =

Answer 32

salt + hydrogen

Question 33

the salt that hydrochloric acid makes ....

Answer 33

chloride

Question 34

the salt that nitric acid makes

Answer 34

nitrate

Question 35

the salt that sulfuric acid makes

Answer 35

sulfate

Question 36

charge of proton

Answer 36

+1

Question 37

charge of an electron

Answer 37

-1

Question 38

charge of a neutron

Answer 38

0

Question 39

mass of a proton

Answer 39

1

Question 40

mass of a electron

Answer 40

1/2000

Question 41

mass of a neutron

Answer 41

1

Question 42

protons are found in the ...

Answer 42

nucleus

Question 43

electrons are found in the ....

Answer 43

shells

Question 44

neutrons are found in the...

Answer 44

nucleus

Question 45

... electrons can fit in the first shell

Answer 45

2

Question 46

...electrons can fit in the 3 and 4 shell

Answer 46

8

Question 47

evaporation

Answer 47

heating to separate a soluble such as table salt from water

Question 48

filtration

Answer 48

seperating an insoluble substance from a liquid by passing the mixture through porous paper

Question 49

paper chromotography

Answer 49

using long strips of filter paper to draw lighter dissolved substances way from heavier substances (eg different coloured dyes)

Question 50

distillation

Answer 50

a combination of 2 processes-evaporation followed by condensation(eg to mase pure water from seawater)

Question 51

centrifuge

Answer 51

spinning to seperate lighter from heavier substances (eg blood cells from plasma)

Question 52

seperating funnel

Answer 52

a device to seperate heavy liquids (water)from lighter liquids (kerosene)

Question 53

using a magnet

Answer 53

attracting substances made of iron ,nickel and cobalt in order to sepeate them from other substances

Question 54

decanting

Answer 54

pouring off the liquid at the top of a container with an insoluble substance (eg sand and water)

Question 55

what are some of the similar chemical and physical properties of metals?

Answer 55

sonorous,malleable,shiny,conductors,strong,solid(except mercury),ductile,high density,magnetic(iron/cobalt /cobalt)

Question 56

what is a delocalised electron?

Answer 56

free electron that can move throughout the structure of the atom.

Question 57

what does a dot-cross diagram in ionic bonding show?

Answer 57

the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom,creating ions with full outer shells -remember to use square brackets

Question 58

why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity when solid?

Answer 58

ions are not free to move in the lattice because the bonds are too strong

Question 59

when can ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?

Answer 59

when molten or dissolved in water(aqueous).the ions are free to move

Question 60

why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Answer 60

large number of electrostatic forces that require a lot of energy to overcome them as they are incredibly strong.

Question 61

why are ionic compounds so brittle ?

Answer 61

because the layers of ions move over eachother and ions of the same charge repel and so break

Question 62

examples of giant covalent structures

Answer 62

diamons,graphite ,graphene,ilicon dioxide

Question 63

what are common features of a giant covalent compound

Answer 63

high melting and boiling points,insoluble,do not conduct electricity(except graphite and graphene)

Question 64

what is fullerene?

Answer 64

known as Buckminsterfullerene. Contains 60 carbon atoms. Different shapes, cages or balls. Very strong. Closed structure, can entrap other molecules. - Used to carry medicine, and can absorb harmful free radicals