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chemistry ppe 2022 > somethin! > Flashcards

somethin! Flashcards

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1
Q

atom

A

smallest particle of an element

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2
Q

element

A

pure substance made up of only one kind of atom

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3
Q

compound

A

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

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4
Q

mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

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5
Q

proton

A

subatomic particle that has a positive charge and found in the nucleus of an atom.

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6
Q

neutron

A

a subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom

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7
Q

nucleus

A

center of an atom,containing protons and neutrons

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8
Q

shells

A

energy levels where the electrons are found.

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9
Q

ion

A

a charged atom

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10
Q

anion

A

a negatively charged ion (an atom that has gained electrons)

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11
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion (atom that has lost electrons)

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12
Q

isotope

A

atom of the same element that have different number of neutrons

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13
Q

electron configuration

A

the arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom

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14
Q

ionic bonding

A

chemical bonding that results from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (electron transfer)

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15
Q

covalent bonding

A

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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16
Q

metalic bonding

A

the chemical bonding that results from between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of delocalised electrons

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17
Q

graphite

A

a shiny , black substance that is used in pencils which is made of layers,held together by weak intermolecular forces that can slide over one another

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18
Q

diamond

A

hardest mineral , made from carbon and lots of very strong covalent bonds

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19
Q

simple molecules

A

they have very strong covalent bonds, but have very weak intermolecular forces(low melting points and boiling points ,dont conduct electricity)

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20
Q

giant covalent

A

a type of bonding where lots of atoms are bonded by shared electrons.high melting /boiling points

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21
Q

lattice

A

regular arrangement of particles.

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22
Q

allotrope

A

one of two or more different molecular forms of an element in the same physical state (e.g carbon = diamond,graphire and graphene etc)

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23
Q

graphene

A

single layer of graphite

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24
Q

alloy

A

a mixture of a metal and another substance (usually a metal but can be carbon)

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25
Q

malleable

A

easy to shape or bend

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26
Q

ductile

A

can be drawn into wires

27
Q

sonorous

A

producing a deep or full sound

28
Q

acid

A

compound that has hydrogen ions (H+)and a ph of 1-6

29
Q

alkali

A

compound that has hydroxide ions (OH-) and has a ph of up to 8-14

30
Q

neutral

A

ph 7(water)

31
Q

universal indicator

A

an indicator with a different colour for each ph value

32
Q

metal + acid =

A

salt + hydrogen

33
Q

the salt that hydrochloric acid makes ….

A

chloride

34
Q

the salt that nitric acid makes

A

nitrate

35
Q

the salt that sulfuric acid makes

A

sulfate

36
Q

charge of proton

A

+1

37
Q

charge of an electron

A

-1

38
Q

charge of a neutron

A

0

39
Q

mass of a proton

A

1

40
Q

mass of a electron

A

1/2000

41
Q

mass of a neutron

A

1

42
Q

protons are found in the …

A

nucleus

43
Q

electrons are found in the ….

A

shells

44
Q

neutrons are found in the…

A

nucleus

45
Q

… electrons can fit in the first shell

A

2

46
Q

…electrons can fit in the 3 and 4 shell

A

8

47
Q

evaporation

A

heating to separate a soluble such as table salt from water

48
Q

filtration

A

seperating an insoluble substance from a liquid by passing the mixture through porous paper

49
Q

paper chromotography

A

using long strips of filter paper to draw lighter dissolved substances way from heavier substances (eg different coloured dyes)

50
Q

distillation

A

a combination of 2 processes-evaporation followed by condensation(eg to mase pure water from seawater)

51
Q

centrifuge

A

spinning to seperate lighter from heavier substances (eg blood cells from plasma)

52
Q

seperating funnel

A

a device to seperate heavy liquids (water)from lighter liquids (kerosene)

53
Q

using a magnet

A

attracting substances made of iron ,nickel and cobalt in order to sepeate them from other substances

54
Q

decanting

A

pouring off the liquid at the top of a container with an insoluble substance (eg sand and water)

55
Q

what are some of the similar chemical and physical properties of metals?

A

sonorous,malleable,shiny,conductors,strong,solid(except mercury),ductile,high density,magnetic(iron/cobalt /cobalt)

56
Q

what is a delocalised electron?

A

free electron that can move throughout the structure of the atom.

57
Q

what does a dot-cross diagram in ionic bonding show?

A

the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom,creating ions with full outer shells -remember to use square brackets

58
Q

why do ionic compounds not conduct electricity when solid?

A

ions are not free to move in the lattice because the bonds are too strong

59
Q

when can ionic compounds conduct electricity and why?

A

when molten or dissolved in water(aqueous).the ions are free to move

60
Q

why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

A

large number of electrostatic forces that require a lot of energy to overcome them as they are incredibly strong.

61
Q

why are ionic compounds so brittle ?

A

because the layers of ions move over eachother and ions of the same charge repel and so break

62
Q

examples of giant covalent structures

A

diamons,graphite ,graphene,ilicon dioxide

63
Q

what are common features of a giant covalent compound

A

high melting and boiling points,insoluble,do not conduct electricity(except graphite and graphene)

64
Q

what is fullerene?

A

known as Buckminsterfullerene. Contains 60 carbon atoms. Different shapes, cages or balls.

Very strong.

Closed structure, can entrap other molecules.

  • Used to carry medicine, and can absorb harmful free radicals

chemistry ppe 2022 (1 decks)

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