some families of organic compounds

Question 1

chloroalkane

Answer 1

a compound in which one or more of the hydrogens have been replaced with a chlorine atom

Question 2

what is the functional group

Answer 2

an atom or a group of atoms which is responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound or a series of organic compounds

Question 3

whats the functional group of alcohols

Answer 3

-OH group (hydroxyl group)

Question 4

primary alcohol

Answer 4

one where the carbon attached to the OH group is only attached to one other carbon atom

Question 5

secondary alcohol

Answer 5

one where the carbon attached to the OH group is attached to 2 other carbon atoms

Question 6

tertiary alcohol

Answer 6

one where the carbon atom attached to the OH group is attached to 3 other carbon atoms

Question 7

what is the functional group of aldehydes

Answer 7

-CHO group

Question 8

general formula of ketones

Answer 8

RCOR” carbonyl group is located in middle of the carbon chain

Question 9

carboxylic acids

Answer 9

contain carboxyl group (-COOH)

Question 10

why does ethanoic acid have such a high melting point

Answer 10

because in pure acid, molecules group together to form pairs of hydrogen bonds called dimers

Question 11

esters

Answer 11

RCOOR’ functional group is -COO-

Question 12

production of esters is an example of what type of reaction

Answer 12

condensation

Question 13

condensation reaction

Answer 13

chemical reaction in which two molecules join to form a larger molecule resulting in the loss of a smaller molecules eg water

Question 14

steam distillation is…

Answer 14

a separation process used to isolate compounds at temperature below their decomposition temperature by bubbling steam through material and distilling off the immiscible liquids

Question 15

principle of steam distillation

Answer 15

is that a mixture of two immiscible liquids boils at a temperature that is below that of each of the individual liquids. the hot mixture of water and oil is passed through a condenser and the distillate that is collected contains a mixture of water and oil

Question 16

emulsion

Answer 16

dispersion of small droplets of one liquid in another liquid in which it is not soluble

Question 17

main constituent of oil found in cloves is…..

Answer 17

eugenol

Question 18

liquid-liquid extraction

Answer 18

technique in which two immiscible liquids are separated using a solvent in which one of the components of the mixture has a higher solubility than the other ie the organic component is removed from the emulsion by dissolving this organic component in an organic solvent