Some drugs examples

Question 1

ACEi

SE

Answer 1

DM lower blood glucose, hyperkalaemia, hypotension,

Angioedema, cough, dizziness.

Agranulocytosis

Question 2

Antidepressants: Sertraline and citalopram

SE and contra’s

Answer 2

Restlessness, agitation, GI disturbance, sex dysfunction, GI bleed.

Increase risk suicide.

Hyponatraemia, glaucoma

Citalopram increases QT interval.

Contra’s: Poorly controlled epilepsy

Question 3

Warfarin

Dosage, SE, Contras

Answer 3

5-10mg. Daily

Contra’s - Risk of bleeds, pregnancy, CV events.

SE: Haemorrhage, alopecia, NandV

INR around 3, higher for prosthetic valves. CHADSVASC, HAASBLED

Question 4

Apixaban

Answer 4

2.5mg BD

Contra’s - Heart valve, significant bleeds, anti-phospholipid syndrome, cerebral haemorrhage.

Caution with renal impairment and elderly with uncontrolled hypertension.

SE: Anaemia, haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia.

Question 5

LMWH - Enoxaparin

Answer 5

40mg SC

Contras - Bacterial endocarditis, trauma, peptic ulcer, cerebral haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, prosthetic valves.

SE: Haemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, rash, hyperkalemia.

Spinal hematoma.

Question 6

Bisphosphonates - Allendronic acid

Answer 6

10mg OD

Contras: oesophageal anomaly, hypocalcemia.

SE: Osteonecrosis of ext ear canal and jaw. Anaemia, joint swell, GI disturbance, myalgia.

GI disturbances, then discontinue.

30 minutes in morning before food, with water, must sit up for the whole period.

Question 7

HRT - Estradiol

Answer 7

1-2 mg OD

Contra’s - Breast cancer, angina, MI, undiagnosed PV bleeds.

SE - Endometrial, ovary and breast cancer. VTE, stroke, CVS event.

Headache, nausea, rash. HTN, GI discomfort, weight change.

Question 8

Insulin - Glargine

Answer 8

SE - Oedema, hypoglycaemia, lipodystrophy.

Question 9

Methotrexate

Answer 9

5mg ONCE WEEKLY

Contras - Ascites, infection, significant pleural effusion.

SE - Agranulocytosis/marrow suppression, anaemia, neurotoxic.

GI disturbance, hepatotoxic.

Question 10

Atorvastatin

Answer 10

10-40mg OD

Contra/cautions: High dosages in hypothyroid, renal impairment, and high alcohol intake causing muscle toxicity.

SE: GI disturbance, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, hypothyroid, dizziness, headache.

Question 11

Bendroflumethaizide

Answer 11

Contra’s - DM, gout, SLE

SE: Erectile dysfunction, HYPOKALAEMIA, HYPONATRAEMIA, HYPERCALCIUM.

Hyperglycaemia, dry mouth,

Question 12

Furosemide

Answer 12

Contra - Renal failure, anuria, hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia

SE - hyperglycaemia (less likely than thiazides), gout, hypokalaemia.

Dizziness; electrolyte imbalance; fatigue; headache; metabolic alkalosis; muscle spasms; nausea