Some Drug Side Effects & Contraindictations Flashcards
ACEi side effects:
- Hypotension
- Cough
- Hyperkalemia
- Acute Renal Failure
- Fetopathic Potential
- Skin Rash
ARB side effects:
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- CI in preganancy & breast feeding
- fetopathic
Thiazide & Thiazide-like Diuretics side effects:
(inhibit Na/Cl in DT)
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hyperglycemia
Loop or High-Ceiling Diuretic side effects:
(inhibit Na/K/2Cl in ascending loop)
- Hypokalemia, Hyponaturemia, Hypochloremia
- Dehydration
- Hyperuricemia
- Ototoxicity
K+ Sparing Diuretics side effects:
(inhibit Na+ in LDT & CD)
hyperkalemia
Heparin CI’s:
- ASA
- NSAID
- Dextran
- Dipyridamole
- Abciximab
- Clopidogrel
- inhibit platelet aggregation increase risk of bleeding
- IV Nitroglycerin
Warfarin CI’s:
Drug-Drug interactions:
1. Metronidazole, Macrolides, Fluroquinolones
2. Rifampin
3. Azole Antifungals
4. SSRI
5. Clopidogrel, ASA, NSAIDs
6. Acetaminophen
Drug-Food interactions:
1. Foods rich in Vitamin K (greens)
2. Vitamin K supplements
3. Grapefruit juice
4. Herbal “remedies”
CI in pregnancy (Heparin can be used)
- doesn’t cross breast milk
Dabigatran CI’s:
- Other anticoagulant drugs (Warfarin, Heparin, Rivaroxaban, etc.)
- Anti-platelet aggregation (Aspirin, NSAIDs, Clopidogrel)
- CI in pregnancy & breast feeding
1st-gen Antihistamine SE’s:
also have antimuscarinic & a adrenergic antagonist activity
sedation, dizziness
Climetidine (H2 receptor antagonist) Drug Interactions & SE’s:
Drug interactions (only with it):
1. Carbamazepine
2. Phenytoin
3. Propafenone
4. Warfarin
SE’s (only with it - gynecomastia)
& others: diarrhea, dizziness, rash (mild)
PPI’s SE’s & Interactions:
SE’s: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abd. cramping (mild)
Interactions:
1. Azole antifungals
2. Macrolid antibiotics
3. Warfarin
4. Digoxin
5. Benzodiazepine
6. Antacids
Fluoroquinolones SE’s:
- Tendinopathy
- QT prolongation
- CNS toxicity
- Photosensitivity
Fluoroquinolones CI’s:
- Children <16 may produce joint cartilage injury
- Pregnant or breast-feeding
- NSAIDs increase CNS toxicity
- Any drug that prolongs QT interval
- Warfarin (increased INR)
- Not taken with Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, or Zn
- supplements
- antacids
- dairy
- avoid all 1 hr before or 2 hrs after dosing
Vancomycin SE’s:
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Upper body rash mediated by histamine release
Teicoplanin SE’s:
- Nephrotoxicity
Linezolid SE’s:
MANY SERIOUS SE’s that limit its use to situations where other antibiotics cannot be used
- Myelosuppression: anemia, thrombocytopenia, & neutropenia
- Peripheral neuropathy, optic neuropathy that may result from inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis
- Inhibits MAO leading to dietary restrictions & CI with pseudoephedrine
- MAO inhibition may also lead to serotonin syndrome especially with SSRIs
Macrolide SE’s & CI’s:
- Carbamazepine
- Tacrolimus
- Warfarin
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Statins (Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin)
- Sotalol, Amiodarone (prolong QT interval)
SE’s:
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Abd. pain (only erthryo)
4. Diarrhea (much more with erthryo)
5. QT prolongation (avoid if pt has prolonged QT or taking Sotalol or Amidarone)
Tetracycline SE’s & CI’s:
SE’s:
Erosions of epithelium
- Esophagus (should take doses with full glass of water & do not lie down for at least a half hr after a dose)
- Photosensitivity
CI’s:
1. Children <12 - understaining of teeth incorportation into bones (damage to cartilage)
- Pregnant or breast feeding mothers
- Not absorbed orally very well with Mg, Ca, or Al, Fe, Zn
- supplements with Ca & Zn
- Antacids
- Dairy products
(avoid all 1 hr before or 2 hrs after dosing)
