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Chemistry Aakash > some basic concepts of chemistry > Flashcards

some basic concepts of chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

define science

A

a continuing human effort to systemize knowledge for describing and understanding nature

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2
Q

define chemistry

A

branch of science that deals with composition, properties and interaction of matter

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3
Q

chemicals that cause acid rain

A

oxides of sulphur and nitrogen

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4
Q

greenhouse gases cause?

A

extreme weather events like drought, flooding, high wind and storm

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5
Q

what chemical compound in the brain acts as a messenger compound in the transmission of brain waves and in immune system slows down growth of tumor cells

A

nitric oxide

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6
Q

examples of chemical fertilisers that help in production of crops

A

urea, ammonium sulphate

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7
Q

____ , ____ , ____ & ____ are important in synthesis of various chemical compounds and products of commercial value

A

Alkalis, acids, salts and dyes

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8
Q

used for better preservation of food and check its wastage

A

sodium benzoate, and sodium metabisulphate

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9
Q

helpful for crop protection and storage of food grains

A

insecticides and pesticides like DDT , gammexane etc

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10
Q

outcomes of chemical synthesis

A

products of domestic consumptions like soaps, cosmetics, oils , perfumes etc

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11
Q

air conditioner uses

A

liquid ammonia or liquid sulphur dioxide

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12
Q

used in cancer therapy

A

cisplatin and taxol

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13
Q

used for helping AIDS victim

A

AZT - azidothymidine

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14
Q

with advancement in chemistry it is now possible to make new materials with specific _____,_____, and ____ properties
give examples

A

magnetic, electric and optical

  1. superconducting ceramics
  2. conducting polymers
  3. optical fibres
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15
Q

the ceramics used to make superconductors are a class of materials called

A

perovskites

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16
Q

conducting polymers

A

organic polymers that conduct electricity

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17
Q

properties of optical fibre

A
  • flexible,
  • transparent
  • made of pure glass
  • not much wider than human hair
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18
Q

pure glass is

A

silica

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19
Q

cause of environmental degradation like the ozone depletion

A

CFCs ( chlorofluorocarbon)

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20
Q

what is CFC

A

a refrigerant responsible for ozone depletion in the stratosphere

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21
Q

replacing cfcs??

A

newly synthesized blend of various compounds like R-410A and natural refrigerants like

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22
Q

natural refrigerants eg

A

ammonia, carbon dioxide and nonhalogenated hydrocarbons

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23
Q

non halogenated hydrocarbons….

A

preserve ozone layer and have no ammonia or only a low carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon

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24
Q

green house gases eg

A

methane, carbon dioxide

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25
chemical reactions in living organisms are called
biochemical processes
26
what is matter?
anything that occupies space , has mass and can be felt with one or more of our senses
27
two major classification of matter
physical and chemical properties
28
physical states of matter can be classifies into
solid, liquid and gas
29
solid
1. tightly packed; not much freedom to move 2. regular pattern, in a lattice 3. not easily compressed 4. fixed volume and shape
30
liquid
1. constituent particles are close together 2. no regular arrangement 3. takes shape of container 4. particles can move; flow easily 5. not easily compressed 6. definite volume but not definite shape
31
gas
1. far apart 2. no regular arrangement 3. occupies shape and volume of its container 4. move around ; flow easily 5. compressible 6. no definite shape and volume
32
solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter are interconvertible by changing ?
temperature and pressure
33
on applying pressure at a particular temperature gases can be liquefied for example
compress natural gas and petroleum gas which are used as CNG & LPG
34
chemical classification
mixtures and pure substances
35
what are mixtures? | - composition?
made up of two or more substances (its components) | - possess variable composition
36
mixtures are divided into two
homogenous and heterogenous
37
homogenous mixtures are - also called? - examples
mixtures which have the same composition throughout - also called solutions sugar solution, salt solution, air gasoline, brass etc
38
heterogenous mixtures are - observed by - why
mixtures that do not have a uniform composition throughout - the different composition can be observed with the naked eye or with help of microscope - do not evenly mix and can be seen as separate entities
39
examples of heterogenous mixtures?
salt and sugar mixture, grains and pulses + stone pieces, MILK, sand + iron fillings, sand + water etc
40
components of a mixture can be separated by ____ | like
physical methods filtration, crystallisation, sublimation, extraction, distillation, chromatography , magnetic separation, simple hand picking etc
41
what are pure substances ? | - properties
have a fixed composition and their constituents cannot be separated by simple physical methods - properties do not vary
42
pure substances are classified into
compounds and elements
43
what is an element? | eg
pure substance that is made up of one kind of particle called atoms of molecules silver, copper, sodium etc
44
atoms of different elements are different in nature due to different number of ____, ____ & ____ lead to _______
protons electrons and neutrons | different properties
45
some elements are _____ while others are _____ or _____
monoatomic | diatomic or polyatomic
46
egs of diatomic molecules
H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2 etc
47
what is a compound?
when two or more atoms of different elements combine in a fixed proportion by mass , then a molecule of a compound is formed
48
example of H2O chemically combined in a fixed proportion of
1:8 by mass
49
example of compound CO2 chemically combined in a fixed proportion of
3:8 by mass
50
general characteristic of a particular compound
fixed and definite ratio
51
what happens to the properties of constituent elements in a compound
constituent elements lose their properties | and the compound's properties are different from its constituent elements
52
properties of hydrogen and oxygen different from its compound ( H2O)
hydrogen is combustible and burns with a pop sound oxygen is a supporter of combustion but water is neither of those and it is rather used as a fire extinguisher - H2 & O2 are gases whereas H2O is a liquid
53
how can elements in a compound be separated
chemical methods or by electrolysis (passing of electricity)
54
what is iron pyrite
iron disulphide (FeS2)
55
alcohol and water is a homo or hetero mixtrure
homogenous mixture
56
what are physical properties?
those properties which can be observed and measured without changing the identity or the composition of the substance
57
what are chemical properties?
those that can be measured only by a chemical reaction and cannot be determined by touching or viewing the substance
58
what does chemical properties show? | examples ?
the kind of reaction in which a substance can take place | acidity or basicity, combustibility, reactivity etc
59
what is physical quantity?
a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement
60
physical quantity is measured in 2 parts
a numerical coefficient and a unit
61
what is a unit?
a standard of reference chosen to measure or express any physical quantity
62
what is SI ?
International system of units
63
what does SI have?
has seven base units pertaining to seven fundamental scientific quantities
64
what are derived units
physical quantities derived using SI base units in combinations

Chemistry Aakash (1 decks)

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