Somatic Dysfunction Flashcards
What is somatic dysfunction?
Impaired function of related components of somatic system such as skeletal, myofascial, arthrodial, vascular, lymphatic, etc.
What treats somatic dysfunction?
OMT
What is OMT?
Therapeutic application of manually guided forces by DO to improve physiological function and support homeostasis altered by somatic dysfunction
What is homeostasis?
Level of wellbeing maintained by internal physiological harmony that is result of stable equilibrium among interdependent body functions
What is an acute somatic dysfunction?
Immediate/short-term impaired function of somatic system
What is acute somatic dysfunction characterized by?
Vasodilation, edema, tenderness, pain, tissue contraction
What is chronic somatic dysfunction?
Impaired function of somatic system
What is chronic somatic dysfunction characterized by?
Tenderness, itching, fibrosis, paraesthesia, and tissue contraction
What is the diagnostic criteria for somatic dysfunction?
Tissue texture abnormalities
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion
Tenderness
What is bogginess?
Texture abnormality palpable w/ sponginess in tissue resulting from congestion due to increased fluid content
What are signs of tissue texture abnormalities?
Vasodilation, edema, flaccidity, hypertonicity, contracture, fibrosis
What are Sx associated with tissue texture signs?
Itching, pain, tenderness, parasthesia
What is tone?
Normal feel of muscle in relaxed state
What is hypertonicity?
Spastic paralysis
What is hypotonicity?
Flaccid paralysis when no tone at all
What is contraction?
Normal tone of a muscle when it shortens or against resistance
What is contracture?
Abnormal shortening of muscle due to fibrosis and chronic condition
Muscle unable to reach full normal length
What is spasm?
Abnormal contraction beyond physiological need
What is ropiness?
Cord-like, hard muscle tone indicating chronic condition
Tissue texture changes
Vascular:
Acute - inflammed vessel wall injury, endogenous peptide released
Chronic - Sympathetic tone increases vascular constriction
Sympathetic:
Acute - Local vasoconstriction overpowered by local chemical release, net effect vasodilation
Chronic - Vascoconstriction, hypersympathetic tone, may be regional
Musculature:
Acute - local increase in tone, muscle contraction, spasm - mediate by increase spindle activity
Chronic - Decreased muscle tone, flaccid, mushy, limited ROM due to contracture
What is asymmetry determined by?
Vision or palpation
What is anatomical barrier?
Limited motion imposed by anatomic structure and limit of passive motion
What is physiological barrier?
Limit of active motion
What is elastic barrier?
Range between physiological and anatomic barrier of motion when passive stretch occurs before tissue disruption (aka warming up)
What is restrictive barrier?
Functional limit that abnormally diminish normal physiological range
What is an example of restricted ROM/abnormal end feel?
Early muscle spasm (protective), late muscle spasm (chronic), hard capsular (frozen shoulder), and soft capsular (synovitis)
What are trigger points?
Small hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures and causes referred pain away from site
What is the goal of OMT?
Remove somatic dysfunction and restore homeostasis
PROM
Patient must be fully relaxed and must block linkage (stabilize structures to focus movement to only the joint being assessed)
Tenderpoints
Small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures = localized pain
Trigger point
Small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures = referred pain away from site
Contraindications
Cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures, severe rality
Precautions: cancer, fraility due to severe disease, ligamentous laxity states, youth, and elderly
Soft tissue approximation
Barrier end-feel w/ ex. of knee flexion
Tissue stretch
Barrier end-feel
Ex. ankle dorsiflexion, shoulder lateral rotation, finger extension
Bone to bone
Barrier end-feel
Elbow extension
