Solutions Quiz Lesson 13-15

Question 1

What is a pure substance?

Answer 1

A pure substance consists of one chemical only and may be subcategorized as either an element or a compound.

Question 2

Define an element.

Answer 2

An element is a chemical substance that consists of particles that contain only one type of atom.

Question 3

What is a mixture?

Answer 3

A mixture consists of two or more substances and may be subcategorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Question 4

Define a homogeneous mixture.

Answer 4

A homogeneous mixture contains more than one type of particle in which the particles have a uniform concentration throughout the mixture.

Question 5

Define a heterogeneous mixture.

Answer 5

A heterogeneous mixture contains more than one type of particle in which the particles do not have a uniform concentration throughout the mixture.

Question 6

True or False: A homogeneous mixture may appear to contain only one substance with uniform properties.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is a solution?

Answer 7

A solution is a type of homogeneous mixture composed of at least one solute and one solvent.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Aqueous is the state given to a solution that is formed with a substance dissolved in _______.

Answer 8

water

Question 9

What are qualitative properties?

Answer 9

Qualitative properties are descriptions of quality such as colour, conductivity, solubility, and precipitates.

Question 10

What are quantitative properties?

Answer 10

Quantitative properties are numerical values assigned to the substance such as concentration.

Question 11

Define an electrolyte.

Answer 11

An electrolyte is a substance that when dissolved in water will create a solution that conducts electricity. ions

Question 12

Define a non-electrolyte.

Answer 12

A non-electrolyte is a substance that when dissolved in water will create a solution that does not conduct electricity.

Question 13

What is a soluble substance?

Answer 13

A soluble substance is one that will dissolve in water.

Question 14

What is an insoluble substance?

Answer 14

An insoluble substance is one that will not dissolve in water.

Question 15

What is a precipitate?

Answer 15

A precipitate is an insoluble substance that forms when two solutions are mixed together.

Question 16

Define cation.

Answer 16

A cation is a positively charged ion that forms when a metallic atom loses electrons.

Question 17

Define anion.

Answer 17

An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a non-metallic atom gains electrons.

Question 18

Miscible substance:

Answer 18

capable of being mixed; they are usually two liquids that will mix together in all proportions.two liquids

Question 19

Immiscible substance:

Answer 19

incapable of being mixed; they are usually two liquids that will not mix together

Question 20

What is an alloy?

Answer 20

An alloy is a solution created by mixing gold with other metals to improve strength and appearance.

Question 21

What is the most important property of a solution?

Answer 21

Homogeneity, meaning the solution has an identical composition throughout.

Question 22

True or False: Milk and fog are examples of solutions.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

In a true solution, what happens to the solute particles?

Answer 23

The solute particles do not separate from the solvent on standing, nor can they be filtered out.

Question 24

What distinguishes aqueous solutions from mixtures?

Answer 24

Aqueous solutions are transparent, not cloudy, indicating they are true solutions.

Question 25

What is the role of the solute in a solution?

Answer 25

The solute is the part of the solution that is present in smaller amounts and is dissolved.

Question 26

What is the role of the solvent in a solution?

Answer 26

The solvent is the part of the solution that is present in larger amounts and does the dissolving.

Question 27

What is water commonly referred to as?

Answer 27

the universal solvent ## Footnote This is due to its ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances.

Question 28

What types of solutes and solvents can be involved in solutions?

Answer 28

solids, liquids, or gases ## Footnote Various combinations lead to different types of solutions.

Question 29

What is solubility?

Answer 29

the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Question 30

What does high solubility indicate?

Answer 30

a substance dissolves well in water.

Question 31

What does low solubility indicate?

Answer 31

a substance does not dissolve well in water.

Question 32

What is the general trend in solubility for ionic compounds?

Answer 32

use the solubility table to predict their solubility.

Question 33

How do polar and non-polar substances differ in solubility?

Answer 33

polar substances have high solubility and non-polar substances have low solubility.

Question 34

Which elements are noted for their low solubility?

Answer 34

most elements, with examples like oxygen and chlorine.

Question 35

What is dispersion in the context of dissolving?

Answer 35

the process of particles spreading evenly in a solution.

Question 36

What is dissociation?

Answer 36

the process where an ion or molecule reacts in solution to create ions.

Question 37

What do ionic compounds do upon dissolving according to Arrhenius?

Answer 37

they dissociate into positive and negative ions.

Question 38

What is the difference between electrolytes and non-electrolytes?

Answer 38

Electrolytes dissociate; non-electrolytes dissolve but do not dissociate.

Question 39

How do acid-forming compounds dissolve?

Answer 39

by a process known as ionization.

Question 40

What process do soluble ionic solutes undergo when dissolving?

Answer 40

dissociation.

Question 41

What process do soluble molecular compounds undergo when dissolving?

Answer 41

dispersion.

Question 42

What happens to soluble (polar) molecular compounds in a solvent?

Answer 42

the solute particles distribute evenly through the solvent.

Question 43

What must you always list when identifying entities in a dissolving process?

Answer 43

water H₂O(l).

Question 44

What is the first step in predicting the reactions that occur in solution chemistry?

Answer 44

analyze entities present and available to react.

Question 45

What is an endothermic process?

Answer 45

A process that absorbs energy from the surroundings, making the surroundings cooler ## Footnote Endothermic processes require energy to break bonds.

Question 46

What is an exothermic process?

Answer 46

A process that releases energy into the surroundings, warming the surroundings ## Footnote Exothermic processes occur when new bonds form.

Question 47

What happens during the first step of a solid dissolving in water?

Answer 47

Bonds in the solute are broken, which is endothermic ## Footnote This step requires energy to break ionic bonds in the solid.

Question 48

What occurs in the final step of a solid dissolving in water?

Answer 48

Bonds form between water molecules and the ions, which is exothermic ## Footnote This step releases energy, warming the surrounding water.

Question 49

How do you determine the total energy change during dissolving?

Answer 49

Energy absorbed (broken) - energy released (formed) = total change in energy ## Footnote This equation helps identify if the process is endothermic or exothermic.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: A heat pack contains calcium chloride and water. When the pouch is broken, the calcium chloride _______.

Answer 50

dissolves ## Footnote The dissolution of calcium chloride is an endothermic process.

Question 51

True or False: In an endothermic change, the energy needed to break bonds is greater than the energy released when new bonds form.

Answer 51

True ## Footnote This indicates that the process absorbs energy.

Question 52

True or False: In an exothermic change, the energy released to form new bonds is greater than the energy required to break existing bonds.

Answer 52

True ## Footnote This indicates that the process releases energy.

Question 53

What occurs when a student dissolves a solute and the test tube feels cool?

Answer 53

The dissolving process is endothermic ## Footnote This indicates the process absorbs energy from the surroundings.

Question 54

What occurs when a student dissolves a solute and the test tube feels warm?

Answer 54

The dissolving process is exothermic ## Footnote This indicates the process releases energy to the surroundings.

Question 55

What can solubility values be used to calculate?

Answer 55

The maximum amount of solute that would be present or dissolve in various volumes of solution.

Question 56

What happens to the solubility of gas solutes when conditions change to SATP?

Answer 56

It is expected to change, but the specific direction (increase or decrease) depends on the gas.

Question 57

What factors affect solubility?

Answer 57

Temperature and pressure.

Question 58

How does temperature affect the solubility of most solid solutes?

Answer 58

Most solids have higher solubility at higher temperatures.

Question 59

How does temperature affect the solubility of gas solutes?

Answer 59

Gases have lower solubility at higher temperatures.

Question 60

How does pressure affect the solubility of gas solutes?

Answer 60

Gases have higher solubility at higher pressures.

Question 61

What will happen to the amount of dissolved oxygen in a waterway if the ambient temperature is raised?

Answer 61

It will decrease.

Question 62

What effect does decreased dissolved oxygen have on aquatic wildlife?

Answer 62

It negatively affects aquatic wildlife.

Question 63

True or False: Solid solutes behave similarly to gas solutes in terms of solubility.

Answer 63

False

Question 64

What happens to the mass of solid at the bottom of a saturated solution of copper(II) sulfate at SATP?

Answer 64

The amount of solid will remain the same ## Footnote Some of the solid is dissolving, and an equal amount of solid is crystallizing out of the solution.

Question 65

State two conditions required for a solution to be in dynamic equilibrium.

Answer 65

* The system is under constant conditions of temperature and pressure * The system is closed

Question 66

What processes are occurring simultaneously in a dynamic equilibrium involving a salt crystal?

Answer 66

* Crystallization * Dissolving

Question 67

What is the definition of dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 67

A state of balance achieved by two forces in motion; a system in which the macroscopic properties are constant, but the microscopic properties are still in motion.

Question 68

What happens to a salt crystal in a dynamic equilibrium system?

Answer 68

A salt crystal is both dissolving and crystallizing at the same rate (mass of the crystal remains constant)

Question 69

What do equilibrium arrows indicate in a chemical equation?

Answer 69

Equilibrium arrows indicate that both the forward and reverse processes are occurring at the same time.

Question 70

What is the relationship between the rates of crystallization and dissolving in a dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 70

Must be occurring at exactly the same rate.

Question 71

ionization:

Answer 71

the process where neutral molecules, like those of acids or bases(non ionic), break down into charged particles called ions when dissolved in a solvent