Solutions and their Behavior Flashcards
What is a solution?
Homogeneous mixture that consists of one or more solutes uniformly dispersed at the molecular or ionic level throughout a medium known as the solvent.
How are solvents and solutes present?
- Solvent is present in a large amount
- Solute is pressent in a smaller amount that a solvent
- Propofol separates out if left for
- *Succinylcholine needs to stay in the fridge
- *Manitol will crystalize
Molality (m) =?
m= moles solute
——————-
kg solvent
Molarity (M) =?
M= moles solute
———————–
L solution
T/F: Molality is never equal to molarity ?
TRUE
-The difference becomes smaller as the solutions become more dilute
When is Molality more useful?
When dealing with physical chemistry
When is Molarity more useful?
Dealing with solution stoichiometry
Mole fraction %?
x1 = moles 1/ moles 1 +moles 2 + moles n
Weight percent?
%w/w = grams solute
—————————-
100g solution or
grams solute
—————— x 100%
g solution
Define Solubility
The amount of a solute that will dissolve in a given amount of a solvent
**How much CO2 will dissolve in blood?
Define Saturated
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a solute, defined by its solubility
**Gas, inspiring a percent and exhaling a percent, obese pre oxygenate, want to SATURATE them well with oxygen
Look at their ins/exp O2 concentration ratio
Supersaturated
A solution contains more solute than allow by the solubility
What is Miscible?
Two liquids are miscible is they are soluble in each other in all proportions
Solubility guidelines
“ like dissolves like” means what?
- Polar solutes are more soluble in polar solvents
- Nonpolar solutes are more soluble in non polar solvents
T/F: Heat of a solution is the enthalpy change that accompanies dissolution of 1 mole of a substance?
True
-Some substances have positive H ( endothermic)
-Negative are (exothermic)
Slide 9
Lattice energy ( LE) is the energy released when a molecule or ions settle into a crystalline lattice- this process is inherently what?
Exothermic
T/F: Solvation (hydration) energy (SE) is the energy released when an ion ( or molecules ) settles into a sphere of solvent molecules- this process is inherently endothermic?
False-
It also is exothermic.
What do both Lattice Energy and Salvation energy result from?
IM forces
Intermolecular Forces
What does Henry’s law say about gaseous solutes and their pressure and solubility?
-As pressure increase, solubility increases (solubility of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent increase) Sgas= (k) (Pgas) S=solubility k= constant P=partial pressure
**ex:carbonated beverage
“pop” you hear is the except of the excess carbon dioxide in the bottle
What does Henry’s law say about liquid and solid solutes?
=P ( partial pressure) has negligible effect
What is Henry’s Law?
The amount of non reacting gas which dissolves in liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas, provided the temperature remains constant
In a gaseous solute, as temperature increases solubility does what?
DECREASES
- *Opening a WARM can of pop the CO2 is less soluble, and it comes bubbling out
- *Hyperthermic patient , decrease solubility of gasses in blood
What happens to liquid and solid solutes with an increase in temperature?
As temperature increases, solubility generally increases
**
T/F: The temperature effect is: the amount of gas dissolved is directly proportional nil to the temperature?
False
INVERSELY proportional to temperature
( the colder the liquid, the more gas that will dissolve in the the liquid)
**This is for inhaled gasses
