Solutions and Colligative properties Flashcards
Benzoic acid dissolved in benzene is a ____ type of solution.
Solid in gas
The solubility of a gas in water depends on ____
Nature, temperature and pressure of the gas
The units of Henry’s law constant are
mol L^-1 bar^-1
For a dilute solution, the Raoult’s law states that___
The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute
The colligative property of a solution is ____
1. Vapour pressure 2. boiling point 3. osmotic pressure 4, freezing point
Osmotic pressure
which one is not a colligative property?
1. vapour pressure 2. depression in freezing point 3. elevation in boiling point 4. osmotic pressure
vapour pressure
The Ebullioscopic constant is the boiling point elevation when the concentration of solution is _____
1 molal
Pressure cooker reduces cooking time for food because ___
boiling point of water involved in cooking is incresed
Cryoscopic constant depends on ____
number of solvent molecules
Isotonic solutions have ______
equal osmotic pressure
Which of the following solutions will have the highest boiling point?
1. 1% solution of glucose in water
2. 1% solution of sodium chloride in water
3. 1% solution of sucrose in water
4. 1% solution of urea in water
1% solution of sodium chloride in water
True or False : Vapour pressure of solution is higher than that of pure solvent
False
True or False : Boiling point of solvent is lower than that of the solution
True
True or False: Osmotic pressure of the solution is lower than that of solvent
False
In calculating Osmotic pressure the concentration of solute is expressed in____
molarity
For an ideal solution, what is deltaHmix?
deltaHmix=0
State Henry’s law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution.
State Raoult’s law
The partial vapor pressure of any volatile component is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.
What is saturated solution?
A saturated solution is a solution which contains maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
What is supersaturated solution?
A solution containing greater than the equilibrium amount of solute is said to be a supersaturated solution.
Define Solubility
The solubility of a solute is its amount per unit volume of saturated solution at a specific temperature.
What are azeotropes?
Azeotropes are binary liquid mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase
What are minimum boiling azeotropes?
These are the solutions which show a large positive deviation from Raoult’s law at a specific composition.
What are maximum boiling azeotropes?
These are the solutions which show large negative deviation from Raoult’s law at a specific composition.
Define Vapour pressure of a liquid
When a liquid in a closed container is in equilibrium with its vapours, the pressure exerted by the vapour on the liquid is its vapour pressure
Define colligative properties
The physical properties of solute that depend on the number of solute particles in solutions and not on their nature is called as colligative properties
State 4 colligative properties
Vapour pressure lowering, Boiling point of elevation, Freezing point depression, osmotic pressure
Define relative lowering of vapour pressure
The ratio of vapour pressure lowering of solvent divided by the vapour pressure of pure solvent is called relative lowering of vapour pressure
What is boiling point?
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature of which its vapour pressure equals the appiled pressure. For liquids in open containers the applied pressure is atmospheric pressure.
What is boiling point elevation?
The difference between the boiling point of solution containing a non-volatile solute and that of pure solvent at any given constant pressure is called as boiling point elevation.
What is the freezing point of the liquid?
The freezing point of the liquid is the temperature at which solid and liquid are equilibrium and two phases have the same vapour pressure
What is depression in freezing point?
The difference between freezing point of pure solvent and freezing point of the solution containing a non-volatile solute is depression in freezing point
What is semi-permeable membrane?
SPM is a film such as cellophane which has pores large enough to allow the solvent molecules to pass through them.
Define Osmosis
The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from more diluted solution to more concentrated solution through a SPM is called osmosis
Define osmotic pressure
The hydrostatic pressure (on the side of the solution) that stops osmosis is called as osmotic pressure OR the excess pressure on the side of the solution that stops the net flow of solvent into the solution through a SPM is called as osmotic pressure
What is reverse osmosis?
If a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side then pure solvent from solution passes into pure solvent side the SPM this is called as Reverse Osmosis
Define Isotonic solution
Two or more solutions having the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic solutions
Define hypertonic solution
If two solutions have unequal osmotic pressures, the more concentrated solution with higher osmotic pressure is said to be hypertonic solution
What is ebullioscopic constant?
Ebullioscopic constant is the boiling point elevation produced by 1 molal solution
What are the other names for Ebullioscopic constant?
Ebullioscopic constant is also called as boiling point eleavtion constant or molal elevation constant.
What is Cryoscopic constant?
Cryoscopic constant is the depression in freezing point produced by 1 molal of solution of a non volatile solute
What are the other names for Cryoscopic constant?
Cryoscopic constant is also called as freezing point depression constant or the proportionality constant Kf
What is Van’t Hoff factor?
Van’t Hoff factor (i) is defined as the ratio of colligative property of a solution of electrolyte to the colligative property of non electrolyte solution of the same concentration
Van’t Hoff factor related to formula mass and observed molar mass?
i is the ratio of actual moles of particles in solution after dissociation to moles of formula umits dissolved in solution OR/ AND ratio of formula mass of substance by observed molar mass of substance
Are Blood cells isotonic or hypertonic?
Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution
What will happen if blood cells are placed in a beaker containing 1.3% NaCl solution?
When blood cells are placed in a beaker containing more than 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution, water will flow out of the blood cells into the solution. Hence, blood cells will shrink. (If concentration of NaCl solution is less than 0.9% water will flow into the cells and they will swell
How does sprinkling of salt help in clearing snowy roads?
When the salt is spread over the snow, depression in freezing point of water takes place. Hence the roads are cleared due to the melting of snow at ambient temperature
In RLVP, what is the effect of adding non-volatile solute to solvent?
vapour pressure of solution is less than that of pure solvent
In boiling point elevation, what is the effect of adding non-volatile solute to solvent?
Boiling point of solution is greater than that of pure solvent
In freezing point depression, what is the effect of adding non-volatile solute to solvent?
Freezing point of the solution is less than that of pure solvent
