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Chemistry (Inorganic) > Solutions and Colligative properties > Flashcards

Solutions and Colligative properties Flashcards

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1
Q

Benzoic acid dissolved in benzene is a ____ type of solution.

A

Solid in gas

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2
Q

The solubility of a gas in water depends on ____

A

Nature, temperature and pressure of the gas

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3
Q

The units of Henry’s law constant are

A

mol L^-1 bar^-1

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4
Q

For a dilute solution, the Raoult’s law states that___

A

The relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to mole fraction of solute

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5
Q

The colligative property of a solution is ____
1. Vapour pressure 2. boiling point 3. osmotic pressure 4, freezing point

A

Osmotic pressure

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6
Q

which one is not a colligative property?
1. vapour pressure 2. depression in freezing point 3. elevation in boiling point 4. osmotic pressure

A

vapour pressure

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7
Q

The Ebullioscopic constant is the boiling point elevation when the concentration of solution is _____

A

1 molal

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8
Q

Pressure cooker reduces cooking time for food because ___

A

boiling point of water involved in cooking is incresed

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9
Q

Cryoscopic constant depends on ____

A

number of solvent molecules

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10
Q

Isotonic solutions have ______

A

equal osmotic pressure

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11
Q

Which of the following solutions will have the highest boiling point?
1. 1% solution of glucose in water
2. 1% solution of sodium chloride in water
3. 1% solution of sucrose in water
4. 1% solution of urea in water

A

1% solution of sodium chloride in water

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12
Q

True or False : Vapour pressure of solution is higher than that of pure solvent

A

False

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13
Q

True or False : Boiling point of solvent is lower than that of the solution

A

True

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14
Q

True or False: Osmotic pressure of the solution is lower than that of solvent

A

False

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15
Q

In calculating Osmotic pressure the concentration of solute is expressed in____

A

molarity

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16
Q

For an ideal solution, what is deltaHmix?

A

deltaHmix=0

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17
Q

State Henry’s law

A

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution.

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18
Q

State Raoult’s law

A

The partial vapor pressure of any volatile component is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.

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19
Q

What is saturated solution?

A

A saturated solution is a solution which contains maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature

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20
Q

What is supersaturated solution?

A

A solution containing greater than the equilibrium amount of solute is said to be a supersaturated solution.

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21
Q

Define Solubility

A

The solubility of a solute is its amount per unit volume of saturated solution at a specific temperature.

22
Q

What are azeotropes?

A

Azeotropes are binary liquid mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase

23
Q

What are minimum boiling azeotropes?

A

These are the solutions which show a large positive deviation from Raoult’s law at a specific composition.

24
Q

What are maximum boiling azeotropes?

A

These are the solutions which show large negative deviation from Raoult’s law at a specific composition.

25
Q

Define Vapour pressure of a liquid

A

When a liquid in a closed container is in equilibrium with its vapours, the pressure exerted by the vapour on the liquid is its vapour pressure

26
Q

Define colligative properties

A

The physical properties of solute that depend on the number of solute particles in solutions and not on their nature is called as colligative properties

27
Q

State 4 colligative properties

A

Vapour pressure lowering, Boiling point of elevation, Freezing point depression, osmotic pressure

28
Q

Define relative lowering of vapour pressure

A

The ratio of vapour pressure lowering of solvent divided by the vapour pressure of pure solvent is called relative lowering of vapour pressure

29
Q

What is boiling point?

A

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature of which its vapour pressure equals the appiled pressure. For liquids in open containers the applied pressure is atmospheric pressure.

30
Q

What is boiling point elevation?

A

The difference between the boiling point of solution containing a non-volatile solute and that of pure solvent at any given constant pressure is called as boiling point elevation.

31
Q

What is the freezing point of the liquid?

A

The freezing point of the liquid is the temperature at which solid and liquid are equilibrium and two phases have the same vapour pressure

32
Q

What is depression in freezing point?

A

The difference between freezing point of pure solvent and freezing point of the solution containing a non-volatile solute is depression in freezing point

33
Q

What is semi-permeable membrane?

A

SPM is a film such as cellophane which has pores large enough to allow the solvent molecules to pass through them.

34
Q

Define Osmosis

A

The net spontaneous flow of solvent molecules into the solution or from more diluted solution to more concentrated solution through a SPM is called osmosis

35
Q

Define osmotic pressure

A

The hydrostatic pressure (on the side of the solution) that stops osmosis is called as osmotic pressure OR the excess pressure on the side of the solution that stops the net flow of solvent into the solution through a SPM is called as osmotic pressure

36
Q

What is reverse osmosis?

A

If a pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side then pure solvent from solution passes into pure solvent side the SPM this is called as Reverse Osmosis

37
Q

Define Isotonic solution

A

Two or more solutions having the same osmotic pressure are said to be isotonic solutions

38
Q

Define hypertonic solution

A

If two solutions have unequal osmotic pressures, the more concentrated solution with higher osmotic pressure is said to be hypertonic solution

39
Q

What is ebullioscopic constant?

A

Ebullioscopic constant is the boiling point elevation produced by 1 molal solution

40
Q

What are the other names for Ebullioscopic constant?

A

Ebullioscopic constant is also called as boiling point eleavtion constant or molal elevation constant.

41
Q

What is Cryoscopic constant?

A

Cryoscopic constant is the depression in freezing point produced by 1 molal of solution of a non volatile solute

42
Q

What are the other names for Cryoscopic constant?

A

Cryoscopic constant is also called as freezing point depression constant or the proportionality constant Kf

43
Q

What is Van’t Hoff factor?

A

Van’t Hoff factor (i) is defined as the ratio of colligative property of a solution of electrolyte to the colligative property of non electrolyte solution of the same concentration

44
Q

Van’t Hoff factor related to formula mass and observed molar mass?

A

i is the ratio of actual moles of particles in solution after dissociation to moles of formula umits dissolved in solution OR/ AND ratio of formula mass of substance by observed molar mass of substance

45
Q

Are Blood cells isotonic or hypertonic?

A

Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution

46
Q

What will happen if blood cells are placed in a beaker containing 1.3% NaCl solution?

A

When blood cells are placed in a beaker containing more than 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution, water will flow out of the blood cells into the solution. Hence, blood cells will shrink. (If concentration of NaCl solution is less than 0.9% water will flow into the cells and they will swell

47
Q

How does sprinkling of salt help in clearing snowy roads?

A

When the salt is spread over the snow, depression in freezing point of water takes place. Hence the roads are cleared due to the melting of snow at ambient temperature

48
Q

In RLVP, what is the effect of adding non-volatile solute to solvent?

A

vapour pressure of solution is less than that of pure solvent

49
Q

In boiling point elevation, what is the effect of adding non-volatile solute to solvent?

A

Boiling point of solution is greater than that of pure solvent

50
Q

In freezing point depression, what is the effect of adding non-volatile solute to solvent?

A

Freezing point of the solution is less than that of pure solvent

51
Q
A

Chemistry (Inorganic) (2 decks)

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