Solutions Flashcards
1
Q
Arrhenius
A
Ionic compounds dissolve in water to conduct electricity
2
Q
Why are ionic compounds so soluble in water?
A
When a substance dissolves in solution, particles of the substance separate from each other (breaks down into its ions)
3
Q
Electrolytes
A
When electrolytes dissolve in solution both positive and negative charged particles are present
4
Q
Non-electrolytes
A
- When non-electrolytes are dissolved in solution, neutral particles separate
- neutral particles don’t conduct electricity
5
Q
Dissociation
A
- Separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water
- Do not show water as reactant or product
- Pos. + Neg. = electrolytes
6
Q
Bases
A
- Bases are ionic hydroxide compounds that dissociate in water and form a cation and hydroxide anion
Ex: NAOH (s) -> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
7
Q
Acids
A
- Considered molecular compounds but conduct electricity in solution
- Acids ionize into positive hydrogen ions (H+) and negative ions when dissolved in water
8
Q
Ionization
A
- Process when neutral atom or molecule is converted to an ion
- only applies to acids beginning with hydrogen
- Pos. hydrogen ions + negative anions = electrolytes
9
Q
Endothermic reactions
A
- Absorb energy from their surroundings
- Require energy
Ex. Breaking bonds
10
Q
Exothermic reactions
A
- Release energy to their surroundings
Ex. Forming new bonds
11
Q
Saturated Solution
A
- A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute in the presence of a undissolved solute.
- Some undissolved solute mist be present
12
Q
Super saturated solution
A
- Solution that contains more dissolved solute than its solubility at a given temperature
13
Q
2 ways to make a solution
A
- Preparing solutions from a solid to make a standardized solution
- Preparing solutions from a standardized solution using dilution
14
Q
Standard solution
A
- Pre-made solution that has an accurate known concentration
- Made by adding a known mass of a solid to a known volume of a solvent
15
Q
Stock Solution
A
Initially concentrated solution from which samples are taken and diluted
(standard solution)