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Chemistry: Grade 11 > Solutions > Flashcards

Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

Solution

A

Homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances (1 face)

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2
Q

Solute:

A

Part that gets dissolved (usually part present in smaller amount)

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3
Q

Solvent:

A

Does the dissolving (Substance present in the larger amount)

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4
Q

Solute + solvent =

A

Solution

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5
Q

Alloy:

A

Metallic solid solution confused of 2 or more elements (elements not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means (boiling point))

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6
Q

Soluble:

A

When something has the ability to dissolve

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7
Q

Insoluble:

A

Does not dissolve

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8
Q

Miscible:

A

Liquid solute dissolves in liquid solvent

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9
Q

Immiscible:

A

Liquid solute does not dissolve in liquid solvent

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10
Q

Unsaturated:

A

LESS THAN MAX HOLDING AMOUNT of solute (for that temp) dissolved in the solvent. (Solvent can hold more solute at a given temp)

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11
Q

Saturated:

A

solvent had reached MAX HOLDING CAPACITY of solute at that temp (undissolved solid remains in container)

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12
Q

Supersaturated:

A

Solvent HOLDS MORE solute than normal at this temp. (Done by heating the solution and forcing it to hold more than it’s max). THESE SOLUTIONS R UNSTABLE

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13
Q

X and y axis for solubility graphs:

A

X - temp

Y - solubility in grams

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14
Q

Another word for dissolving:

A

Dissolution

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15
Q

Rate of solution (dissolving):

A

How quickly a substance will dissolve

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16
Q

Factors affecting rate of dissolving:

A

Agitation, temp, surface area, pressure, types of molar polarity

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17
Q

Agitation (shake or stir)

A

Solubility ⬆️ as u shake or stir

- dissolving ⬆️, collisions between solvent and solute

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18
Q

Temp (solid and liquid)

A

Temp ⬆️ solubility ⬆️

Kinetic energy ⬆️, more collisions between solute and solvent

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19
Q

Temp in gas

A

More heat, less dissolves

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20
Q

Surface area (solids only)

A

⬆️ surface area, ⬆️ solubility (particle size), ⬇️ size, more likely solute will come in contact with solvent

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21
Q

Pressure (gases only)

A

As pressure ⬆️, solubility ⬆️

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22
Q

Types of solvent (aka molar polarity)

A

Ionic dissolve in ionic, pulse dissolves in polar and polar ionic, non polar in non polar

23
Q

Intermolecular bonds:

A

Force of attraction or bonds within a molecule (i.e.; ionic or covalent)

24
Q

Intermolecular:

A

Force of attraction or bonds between molecules

25
Q

Polar or ionic solute dissolve in

A

Polar solvents

26
Q

How do solute dissolve in solvents

A

Moving solvent molecules climates around split MLcs. (-) ends of solvent attract to (+) ends of the solute

27
Q

What do solvent molecules do

A

Pull solute into solution

28
Q

Moving solvent molecules:

A

Spread the solute out equally throughout the solution

29
Q

Concentration:

A

A solution where there is a relatively large amount of diluted per unit v of solution

30
Q

C=

A

Quantity of solution (solute + solvent)

31
Q

Unsaturated has:

A

No solute visible, solvent is capable of holding more solute at given temp

32
Q

Saturated has:

A

Max holding capacity

33
Q

% C

A

M of solute
———- X100
V of solution

34
Q

Ppm

A

X10 to the 6

35
Q

Ppb

A

X 10 to the 9

36
Q

Ppt

A

X 10 to the 12pp

37
Q

Ppm ex:

A

Grams x 10 to the 6
—————–//
V

38
Q

Dilution

A

A solution with a relatively small amount of solute per unit v of solution

39
Q

Solution calculation:

A

M1v1 = m2v2

40
Q

Acids produce _____ with reaction to active metals:

A

H gas

41
Q

Acids produce _____ with reaction to carbonate compounds

A

Co2

42
Q

Arrhenius definition of acid

A

Substance which undergo ionization to release hydrogen ions in water

43
Q

Arrhenius definition of base

A

Substances that produce hydroxide ions in water

44
Q

Strong acid + base

A

Dissociates completely into ion in water

45
Q

Weak acids and bases:

A

Dissociates very slightly in solution (most bases r weak)

46
Q

PH

A

A figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on the logarithmic scale

47
Q

Calculate ph:

A

-log [H+]

48
Q

Titration:

A

Laboratory process used to determines c of an acidic or basi solution

49
Q

Standard solution:

A

Titrating solution of unknown c with a solution of known c (standard solution goes in butter)

50
Q

Solution u are trying to find goes in

A

Flask

51
Q

Indicator changes colour at

A

Neutralization point

52
Q

End point:

A

When the stark colour change occurs

53
Q

Titration equation :

A

nbMaVa = naMbVb

Chemistry: Grade 11 (5 decks)

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