Solutions Flashcards
Homogeneous
uniform in composition
Solution
consists of a solute dispersed in a solvent
Solvent
the component of the solution whose phase remains the same after mixing
Solute
molecules move about freely in the solvent and can interact with other molecules or ions
Solvation (dissolution)
the interaction between solute and solvent molecules
Hydration
when water is the solvent
Solubility
the maximum amount of that substance that can be dissolved in a particular solvent at a particular temperature
Dilute
a solution in which the proportion of solute to solvent is small
Concentrated
a solution in which the proportion of solute to solvent is small
Crystallization
when a dissolved solute comes out of solution and forms crystals
Supersaturated
solutions that contain more solute than found in a saturated solution
Electrolytes
solutes that make conductive solutions
Strong electrolytes
include ionic compounds, such as NaCl and KI, and molecular compounds with highly polar covalent bonds that dissociate into ions when dissolved
Weak electrolyte
ionizes or hydrolyzes incompletely in aqueous solution, and only some of the solute is present in ionic form
Concentration
denotes the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
Percent composition of mass
the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution (solute plus solvent) and multiplied by 100%
Mole fraction
equal to the number of moles of the compound divided by the total number of moles of all species within the system
Molarity
the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
Molality
the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent
Normality
equal to the number of gram equivalent weights of solute per liter of solution
Dilution equation
MiVi=MfVf ; M=molarity , V is volume
