Solutions Flashcards
Alloy BRASS contains elements……/……
Copper
Zinc
Statement I:German silver consists of elements Cu, Ni and Zn.
Statement II:Bronze consists of Cu and Au.
Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
Cu and Au form alloy TUMBAGA
BRONZE consists of Cu with Sn
………….. part per million (ppm) of fluoride ions in water prevents tooth decay, while……….. ppm causes the tooth to become mottled.
1
1.5
Sodium fluoride is used in………
rat poison
The ………….. determines the physical state in which solution exists
Solvent
Commercial bleaching solution contains 1.62 mass percentage of sodium hypochloride in water.
True or false?
False
commercial bleaching solution contains 3.62 mass percentage of sodium HYPOCHLORITE in water
………..% (v/v) solution of ethylene glycol, an antifreeze, is used in cars for cooling the engine.
35
At this concentration the antifreeze lowers the freezing point of water to……
255.4K
–17.6°C
Another concentration unit which is commonly used in medicine and pharmacy is………
Mass by volume percentage
A litre of sea water contains about 6 × 10–3 g of dissolved oxygen which can be represented as……..
5.8 ppm
concentration of pollutants in water or atmosphere is often expressed in terms of………
microgm/L or ppm.
Statement 1: naphthalene and anthracene dissolve readily in water
Statement 2: sodium chloride and sugar dissolve readily in benzene
Both are incorrect
naphthalene and anthracene dissolve readily in benzene
sodium chloride and sugar dissolve readily in water,
Solute particles in solution collide with the solid solute particles and get separated out of solution. This process is called as………
Crystallisation
Solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at the same……./……. is called a saturated solution.
temperature and pressure
In case of solution of solid in liquid if dissolution is endothermic solubility……….. with temperature and for exothermic solubility………. With temperature
Increases
Decrease
Assertion: Pressure does not have any significant effect on solubility of solids in liquids.
Reason: solids and liquids are highly incompressible and practically remain unaffected by changes in pressure.
Assertion: The solubility of gases increase with increase of pressure
Reason: This will increase the number of gaseous particles per unit volume over the solution and also the rate at which the gaseous particles are striking the surface of solution to enter it.
Henry’s law.
The law states that at a constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas present above the surface of liquid or solution.
Assertion: Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold waters rather than in warm waters.
Reason: KH value for O2 increase with increase of temperature indicating that the solubility of gases increases with decrease of temperature
Applications of Henry’s law
1 increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the bottle is sealed under high pressure.
2 Prevent bends in scuba divers
3 Prevent anoxia at high altitudes
Tanks used by scuba divers are filled with air diluted with helium having gaseous composition as……….
11.7% helium
56.2% nitrogen
32.1% oxygen
For solution of gases in liquids dissolution is an………..process thus solubility shows……….with increase of temperature.
exothermic
decrease
H2S,a toxic gas has……….. like smell
rotten egg like smell
French chemist, Francois Marte Raoult 1886 gave the quantitative relationship known as …….
Raoult’s law
At equilibrium, vapour phase will be always rich in the component which is more……..
volatile
Raoult’s law becomes
a special case of Henry’s law
Only the
proportionality constant Kh differs from p0.
Assertion:Decrease in the vapour pressure of water by adding 1.0 mol of sucrose to one kg of water is nearly similar to that produced by adding 1.0 mol of urea to the same quantity of water at the same temperature.
Reason: decrease in the vapour pressure of solvent depends on the quantity of non-volatile solute present in the solution, irrespective of its nature.
Assertion: ethanol and acetone show positive deviation.
Reason: Due to weakening of interactions[ hydrogen bonds in ethanol] because of interference of acetone molecules, the solution shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law
Assertion: Phenol and aniline show negative deviation.
Reason: Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between phenolic proton and lone pair on nitrogen atom of aniline is stronger than the respective intramolecular hydrogen bonding
Assertion: Chloroform and acetone forms a solution with negative deviation
Reason: Chloroform molecule is able to form hydrogen bond with acetone molecule
ethanol-water mixture (obtained by fermentation of sugars) on fractional distillation gives a solution containing approximately……….% by volume of ethanol.
It forms azeotroe.
95
68% nitric acid and 32% water by mass, with a boiling point of 393.5 K. Forms …………. boiling azeotrope.
Maximum
The osmotic pressure of a solution is the excess pressure that must be applied to the …….. side to prevent osmosis, i.e., to stop the passage of………… molecules through a semipermeable membrane into the solution.
Solution
solvent
Statement 1:Measurement of osmotic pressure provides another method for determining molar masses of solutes.
Statement 2: This method is widely used to determine molar masses of proteins, polymers and other micro molecules.
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
This method is widely used to determine molar masses of proteins, polymers and other macromolecules.
Assertion: Osmotic pressure method has an advantage over other methods.
Reason: Pressure measurement is around the room temperature and molarity of solution is used instead of molality.
Particularly useful for Biomolecules which are unstable at high temperatures and polymers which have low solubility
Osmotic pressure associated with the fluid inside the blood cell is equivalent to that of…….% (mass/volume) sodium chloride solution, called ……………….
0.9
normal saline solution
In 1880 van’t Hoff introduced a factor i, known as the van’t Hoff factor, to account for the extent of……../………
dissociation or association.
Ascending order of HENRY’s law constants table:
- Formaldehyde: 1.83 \times 10^{-5} kbar
- Methane: 0.413 kbar
- Vinyl chloride: 0.611 kbar
- CO₂: 1.67 kbar
- O₂ (298 K): 34.86 kbar
- O₂ (303 K): 46.82 kbar
- Argon: 40.3 kbar
- N₂ (293 K): 76.48 kbar
- N₂ (303 K): 88.84 kbar
- H₂: 69.16 kbar
- He: 144.97 kbar
Kb values in increasing order table:
• Carbon disulphide (319.4 K)
• Diethyl ether (307.8 K)
• Chloroform (334.4 K)
• Carbon tetrachloride (350.0 K)
• Ethanol (351.5 K)
• Benzene (353.3 K)
• Cyclohexane (353.74 K)
• Water (373.15 K)
• Acetic acid (391.1 K)
Boiling point elevation constant[Kb values] order lowest to highest
From lowest to highest:
• Water (0.52 K kg mol⁻¹) • Ethanol (1.20 K kg mol⁻¹) • Carbon disulphide (2.34 K kg mol⁻¹) • Diethyl ether (2.02 K kg mol⁻¹) • Acetic acid (2.93 K kg mol⁻¹) • Cyclohexane (2.79 K kg mol⁻¹) • Benzene (2.53 K kg mol⁻¹) • Chloroform (3.63 K kg mol⁻¹) • Carbon tetrachloride (5.03 K kg mol⁻¹)
Freezing Point Depression Constant ( K_f ):
From lowest to highest:
• Water (1.86 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Ethanol (1.99 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Diethyl ether (1.79 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Benzene (5.12 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Acetic acid (3.90 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Carbon disulphide (3.83 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Chloroform (4.79 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Cyclohexane (20.00 K kg mol⁻¹)
• Carbon tetrachloride (31.8 K kg mol⁻ ¹)
When solute get precipitated solution is known as
supersaturated solution.
Though the concentration of solution doesn’t affect the vant Hoff factor much but as per the NCERT table 1.4 the value of vant hoff factor ……………. With dilution.
Increases
Chloroform is soluble in water
True or false
False
It is insoluble
Chloroform is soluble in water
True or false
False
It is insoluble
For solution with concentration less than………. It is considered dilute
10%
Pressure of pure water if not given then considered as………..
760mmHg
Positive deviation from roults law
Cyclobexasol and eyclobexane
Ethyl alcohol & Acetone
Carbon Disulphide & Acetone
Methyl alcohol and water
Negative deviation from raults law
CHCl3& benzene
Phenol & Aniline
CHCl3 & Acetone
CACl3 & Et-O-Et
Water & Acid
Ziegler -Natta catalyst is a mixture of titanium tetrachloride and an alkyl derivative of aluminium i.e.
Al2(C2H5)6. TiCl3
Statement 1: The addition of ethylene glycol to water raises the boiling point of the solution
Statement 2: It haloes in prevention of boil overs
Both are correct
Berkeley Huntley method and funnel experiment is used for
Determining osmotic pressure
Name one compound that doesn’t obey Henry’s law
Ammonia
NH3
Ascorbic acid
Vitamin C
C6H8O6
Nalorphene
C9H21NO3
Similar to morphine
Used to combat withdrawal symptoms in narcotic users
Dose given is generally 1.5mg
…….. sprayed on snow makes it melt
CaCl2
