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chem unit five > solutions > Flashcards

solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

what are homogeneous mixtures?

A

mixtures in which there is no separation between components, completely dissolved (these are solutions)

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2
Q

what are heterogeneous mixtures?

A

not fully dissolved, particles that can be filtered out, separation between components occurs

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3
Q

what is a solute?

A

dissolved substance in a solution (ex: sugar in soda, vinegar in water)

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4
Q

what is a solvent?

A

the substance that does the dissolving (ex: nitrogen gas in air, water in salt water)

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5
Q

what does the polarity or composition of the solute and solvent determine?

A

whether a substance will dissolve or not + how much of the substance will dissolve

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6
Q

what determines the rate of the solution?

A

stirring, temperature, surface area of the dissolved particles

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7
Q

how are solutions made?

A

solvent comes in contact with solute by stirring - smaller pieces increase surface area of solute

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8
Q

how does temperature affect solutions?

A

higher temps move solvent faster, contact solute harder and more often (speeds dissolving process) + increase amount that will be dissolved

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9
Q

what is solubility?

A

the max amount of substance that will dissolve at a specific temp (grams of solute/100 grams solvent)

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10
Q

what is a saturated solution?

A

solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute

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11
Q

what is an unsaturated solution?

A

a solution that can still dissolve more solute

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12
Q

supersaturated solution?

A

solution that is dissolving itself (holding), leads to precipitate

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13
Q

when do solids dissolve best?

A

heated, stirred, and crushed

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14
Q

when do gases dissolve best?

A

cold, high pressure

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15
Q

what does miscible mean?

A

two liquids dissolve each other

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16
Q

what does immiscible mean?

A

two liquids cannot dissolve each other

17
Q

what does “like dissolve like” mean?

A

the chemical makeup of the solvent and solute + solutes of a specific polarity can only dissolve in solvents of the same/similar polarity

18
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

substance with an aqueous solution that can conduct an electric current (ionic)

19
Q

what is a nonelectrolyte?

A

substance with an aqueous solution that does not conduct an electric current

20
Q

what is a weak electrolyte?

A

an electrolyte that only partially breaks into its ions and weakly conducts

21
Q

why is water a universal solvent?

A

water has positive and negative ends that attract and break down other particles

chem unit five (2 decks)

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