solutions Flashcards
what are homogeneous mixtures?
mixtures in which there is no separation between components, completely dissolved (these are solutions)
what are heterogeneous mixtures?
not fully dissolved, particles that can be filtered out, separation between components occurs
what is a solute?
dissolved substance in a solution (ex: sugar in soda, vinegar in water)
what is a solvent?
the substance that does the dissolving (ex: nitrogen gas in air, water in salt water)
what does the polarity or composition of the solute and solvent determine?
whether a substance will dissolve or not + how much of the substance will dissolve
what determines the rate of the solution?
stirring, temperature, surface area of the dissolved particles
how are solutions made?
solvent comes in contact with solute by stirring - smaller pieces increase surface area of solute
how does temperature affect solutions?
higher temps move solvent faster, contact solute harder and more often (speeds dissolving process) + increase amount that will be dissolved
what is solubility?
the max amount of substance that will dissolve at a specific temp (grams of solute/100 grams solvent)
what is a saturated solution?
solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute
what is an unsaturated solution?
a solution that can still dissolve more solute
supersaturated solution?
solution that is dissolving itself (holding), leads to precipitate
when do solids dissolve best?
heated, stirred, and crushed
when do gases dissolve best?
cold, high pressure
what does miscible mean?
two liquids dissolve each other
what does immiscible mean?
two liquids cannot dissolve each other
what does “like dissolve like” mean?
the chemical makeup of the solvent and solute + solutes of a specific polarity can only dissolve in solvents of the same/similar polarity
what is an electrolyte?
substance with an aqueous solution that can conduct an electric current (ionic)
what is a nonelectrolyte?
substance with an aqueous solution that does not conduct an electric current
what is a weak electrolyte?
an electrolyte that only partially breaks into its ions and weakly conducts
why is water a universal solvent?
water has positive and negative ends that attract and break down other particles
