SOLUTIONS

Question 1

what is a solution

Answer 1

homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds in a 1 phase

Question 2

what is a solvent

Answer 2

dissolves solute

Question 3

what is a solute

Answer 3

dissolves in solvent

Question 4

what is like dissolves like

Answer 4

polar solvents dissolve polar solutes

nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes

Question 5

what happens when ionic compounds dissolve

Answer 5

break apart into their respective cations and anions.

Question 6

what is solvation

Answer 6

ions break apart into their respective cations and anions

Question 7

what is a good solvent for ionic substances

Answer 7

Water

Question 8

what is hydration reaction

Answer 8

1. water surrounds
2. attaches to side of ionic compound
3. overcomes the strong ionic bond
4. breaks the compound apart.

Question 9

what is aqueous phase

Answer 9

when water breaks apart strong ionic bonds

Question 10

what can ionic compound hydrated do

Answer 10

form ions in aqueous solution
conduct electricity

Question 11

what is an electrolyte

Answer 11

compound that forms ions in aqueous solution

Question 12

what is molarity (M)

Answer 12

moles solute/volume of solution

Units are mol/L

Question 13

what is Molality (m)

Answer 13

moles of solute/kg of solvent

Units are mol/kg

Question 14

what is a mole fraction

Answer 14

moles of compound/total mole of all species in solution

MAKES SURE ITS MOLES SO

MOLES = MASS/MR

Question 15

what is vapor pressure

Answer 15

pressure of a vapor [condensed phase] in a closed container

at thermodynamic equilibrium

Question 16

what phase is vapor pressure measured from

Answer 16

condensed phase

Question 17

what is the equation for vapor pressure

Answer 17

Pv = Xv x Pv(Pure)

Question 18

what is Pv

Answer 18

vapor pressure of component v in equilibrium with the solution

Question 19

what is Xv

Answer 19

vapor pressure of component v in equilibrium with the solution

Question 20

what is Pv pure

Answer 20

vapor pressure of pure component v at the same temperature

Question 21

looking at Pv = Xv x Pv pure, what is the issue

Answer 21

other solution components lower vapor pressure

Question 22

what happens if there’s another component in the solution of the substance we are trying to calculate the vapor pressure for

Answer 22

non-volatile solutes lowers the vapor pressure of a substance in a solution

Question 23

how do you calculate how much a substance component lowers the vapor pressure

Answer 23

work out mole fraction of solvent in solution

then

P = P0 x X

Question 24

what is P0

Answer 24

vapor pressure of pure solvent where its same temperature as P

Question 25

what is P

Answer 25

vapor pressure of solution

Question 26

what is X

Answer 26

mole fraction of solvent

from total solution

Question 27

what is solubility

Answer 27

limit of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at equilibrium.

Question 28

what are solutes and solvent regularly used in gamsat

Answer 28

salt

water

Question 29

what will salt dissolve into

Answer 29

respective ions

Question 30

what can dissolved salt ions do

Answer 30

ions can reattach and form the salt again in a process termed precipitation

Question 31

what does it mean if a solution is saturated

Answer 31

rate of precipitation = rate of dissolution

Question 32

how does unsaturated solution affect precipitation

Answer 32

more solutes dissolve

Question 33

how does supersaturated solution affect precipitation

Answer 33

more solids, unstable crystals form

Question 34

what is the solubility product

Answer 34

used to create an equilibrium expression

Question 35

what does ksp mean

Answer 35

set to equal the products over reactants raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation