SOLUTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

what is a solution

A

homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds in a 1 phase

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2
Q

what is a solvent

A

dissolves solute

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3
Q

what is a solute

A

dissolves in solvent

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4
Q

what is like dissolves like

A

polar solvents dissolve polar solutes

nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes

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5
Q

what happens when ionic compounds dissolve

A

break apart into their respective cations and anions.

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6
Q

what is solvation

A

ions break apart into their respective cations and anions

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7
Q

what is a good solvent for ionic substances

A

Water

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8
Q

what is hydration reaction

A
  1. water surrounds
  2. attaches to side of ionic compound
  3. overcomes the strong ionic bond
  4. breaks the compound apart.
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9
Q

what is aqueous phase

A

when water breaks apart strong ionic bonds

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10
Q

what can ionic compound hydrated do

A

form ions in aqueous solution
conduct electricity

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11
Q

what is an electrolyte

A

compound that forms ions in aqueous solution

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12
Q

what is molarity (M)

A

moles solute/volume of solution

Units are mol/L

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13
Q

what is Molality (m)

A

moles of solute/kg of solvent

Units are mol/kg

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14
Q

what is a mole fraction

A

moles of compound/total mole of all species in solution

MAKES SURE ITS MOLES SO

MOLES = MASS/MR

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15
Q

what is vapor pressure

A

pressure of a vapor [condensed phase] in a closed container

at thermodynamic equilibrium

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16
Q

what phase is vapor pressure measured from

A

condensed phase

17
Q

what is the equation for vapor pressure

A

Pv = Xv x Pv(Pure)

18
Q

what is Pv

A

vapor pressure of component v in equilibrium with the solution

19
Q

what is Xv

A

vapor pressure of component v in equilibrium with the solution

20
Q

what is Pv pure

A

vapor pressure of pure component v at the same temperature

21
Q

looking at Pv = Xv x Pv pure, what is the issue

A

other solution components lower vapor pressure

22
Q

what happens if there’s another component in the solution of the substance we are trying to calculate the vapor pressure for

A

non-volatile solutes lowers the vapor pressure of a substance in a solution

23
Q

how do you calculate how much a substance component lowers the vapor pressure

A

work out mole fraction of solvent in solution

then

P = P0 x X

24
Q

what is P0

A

vapor pressure of pure solvent where its same temperature as P

25
what is P
vapor pressure of solution
26
what is X
mole fraction of solvent from total solution
27
what is solubility
limit of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at equilibrium.
28
what are solutes and solvent regularly used in gamsat
salt water
29
what will salt dissolve into
respective ions
30
what can dissolved salt ions do
ions can reattach and form the salt again in a process termed precipitation
31
what does it mean if a solution is saturated
rate of precipitation = rate of dissolution
32
how does unsaturated solution affect precipitation
more solutes dissolve
33
how does supersaturated solution affect precipitation
more solids, unstable crystals form
34
what is the solubility product
used to create an equilibrium expression
35
what does ksp mean
set to equal the products over reactants raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation