SOLUTIONS Flashcards
what is a solution
homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds in a 1 phase
what is a solvent
dissolves solute
what is a solute
dissolves in solvent
what is like dissolves like
polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes
what happens when ionic compounds dissolve
break apart into their respective cations and anions.
what is solvation
ions break apart into their respective cations and anions
what is a good solvent for ionic substances
Water
what is hydration reaction
- water surrounds
- attaches to side of ionic compound
- overcomes the strong ionic bond
- breaks the compound apart.
what is aqueous phase
when water breaks apart strong ionic bonds
what can ionic compound hydrated do
form ions in aqueous solution
conduct electricity
what is an electrolyte
compound that forms ions in aqueous solution
what is molarity (M)
moles solute/volume of solution
Units are mol/L
what is Molality (m)
moles of solute/kg of solvent
Units are mol/kg
what is a mole fraction
moles of compound/total mole of all species in solution
MAKES SURE ITS MOLES SO
MOLES = MASS/MR
what is vapor pressure
pressure of a vapor [condensed phase] in a closed container
at thermodynamic equilibrium
what phase is vapor pressure measured from
condensed phase
what is the equation for vapor pressure
Pv = Xv x Pv(Pure)
what is Pv
vapor pressure of component v in equilibrium with the solution
what is Xv
vapor pressure of component v in equilibrium with the solution
what is Pv pure
vapor pressure of pure component v at the same temperature
looking at Pv = Xv x Pv pure, what is the issue
other solution components lower vapor pressure
what happens if there’s another component in the solution of the substance we are trying to calculate the vapor pressure for
non-volatile solutes lowers the vapor pressure of a substance in a solution
how do you calculate how much a substance component lowers the vapor pressure
work out mole fraction of solvent in solution
then
P = P0 x X
what is P0
vapor pressure of pure solvent where its same temperature as P
what is P
vapor pressure of solution
what is X
mole fraction of solvent
from total solution
what is solubility
limit of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at equilibrium.
what are solutes and solvent regularly used in gamsat
salt
water
what will salt dissolve into
respective ions
what can dissolved salt ions do
ions can reattach and form the salt again in a process termed precipitation
what does it mean if a solution is saturated
rate of precipitation = rate of dissolution
how does unsaturated solution affect precipitation
more solutes dissolve
how does supersaturated solution affect precipitation
more solids, unstable crystals form
what is the solubility product
used to create an equilibrium expression
what does ksp mean
set to equal the products over reactants raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation
