Solution Unit Flashcards
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent
The substance that the solute dissolves in
Solute
The substance that dissolves in the solvent
Aqueous solution
The a solution where the solvent is water
Solubility
The maximum amount of solute a solution can hold at a given temperature
Saturated solution
A solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute it can hold at the same temperature
Unsaturated solution
A solution that can dissolve more solute at the same temperature
Super saturated solution
A solution that has dissolved more solute than it can hold at the same temperature
Soluble
When more than 1g of solute can dissolve in a 100 ml of solvent
Sparingly soluble
When 0.1g to 1g of solute can dissolve in a 100ml of solvent
Insoluble
When less than 0.1 g of solute can dissolve in 100ml of solvent
The process of forming a solution
The attractive forces of the solute particles must be overcome (endothermic)
The attractive forces of the water molecules must be overcome (endothermic)
The solvent particles surround and stabilize the solute particles (exothermic) (process called hydration)
5 factors affecting solubility
Ionic charge - the higher charges on ions the less soluble the compound
Ionic size - the larger the ion the more soluble the compound
Polarity of molecular compounds - more polar the more soluble
Temperature - solubility of ionic compounds increase with a higher temperature while solubility of gases in a liquid will decrease with a higher temperature
Pressure - the solubility of gas in a liquid will increase with more pressure on the gas above a liquid
Factors affecting rate of dissolving
Pressure - more agitation and stiring results in a faster rate of dissolving
Surface area - more surface area results in a faster rate of dissolving
Temperature - higher temperature results in a faster rate of dissolving
Spectator ion
An ion that is present in a solution but is not involved in a reaction
