Solubility Rules and Ions ID and Flame Test Flashcards
Nitrates
All soluble
Sulfates
All soluble apart from Lead Barium and Calcium
Chlorides, Bromides, Iodides
All apart from Silver and Lead
Carbonates
Most insoluble apart from Sodium Potassium and Ammonium
Hydroxides
Most insoluble apart from Sodium Potassium and Ammonium
Gas Test: Ammonia
Damp red litmus turns blue
Gas Test: Carbon dioxide
Limewater turns milky
Gas Test: Chlorine
Damp blue litmus is reddened then bleached
Gas Test: Hydrogen
Squeaky Pop Test
Gas Test: Oxygen
Relighted splint
Gas Test: Sulfur dioxide
Turns aq potassium manganate from purple to colourless
Anion Test: Carbonate
Add dilute HCl and bubbles of CO2 given off
Anion Test: Chloride
Add a few drops of HNO3 and aq AgNO3 then white precipitate AgCl formed
Anion Test: Iodide
Add a few drops of HNO3 and aq AgNO3 then white precipitate AgI formed
Anion Test: Nitrate
Boil with Al and aq NaOH and Ammonia gas formed
Anion Test: Sulfate
Add a few drops of HNO3 and aq Ba(NO3)2 then white precipitate BaSO4 formed
Cation Test: Aluminium
Add aq NaOH dropwise and aq NH3 dropwise to two separate samples. In NaOH, the white precipitate formed dissolves in excess. In NH3 the white precipitate does not dissolve in excess
Cation Test: Ammonium
Add aq NaOH and ammonia is produced
Cation Test: Calcium
Add conc. aq NaOH. Thin white precipitate calcium hydroxide formed that is slightly soluble.
Cation Test: Copper(II)
Add aq NaOH dropwise and aq NH3 dropwise to two separate samples. A pale blue gelatinous precipitate is formed in both samples. With excess ammonia deep blue solution.
Cation Test: Iron(II)
Add aq NaOH dropwise and aq NH3 dropwise to two separate samples. A pale green gelatinous precipitate formed in both cases and is insoluble in excess.
Cation Test: Iron(III)
Add aq NaOH dropwise and aq NH3 dropwise to two separate samples. A red-brown precipitate formed in both cases.
Cation Test: Zinc
Add aq NaOH dropwise and aq NH3 dropwise to two separate samples. White precipitate first formed in both cases then with excess reagent both form a colourless solution.
Cation Test: Chromium
A green precipitate formed in NaOH which is soluble in excess. A grey-green precipitate formed in NH3 which is insoluble in excess
Flame Test: Barium
Pale green
Flame Test: Calcium
Yellow-red
Flame Test: Copper
Green-blue
Flame Test: Lithium
Red
Flame Test: Sodium
Orange
Flame Test: Potassium
Lilac