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Chemisty 110 > solubility rules > Flashcards

solubility rules Flashcards

1
Q

always soluble

A

Li K Na NH4

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2
Q

always soluble

A

acetate, clo3 no3

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3
Q

soluble : br i cl except:

A

ag hg pb

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4
Q

soluble: so4 except:

A

ag hg pb sr ba ca

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5
Q

water insoluble : oh except:

A

li k na rb cs ba

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6
Q

water insoluble: co3, cro4, po4, s2-, except

A

li k na rb cs nh4

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7
Q

al (s)

A

al 3+ (aq)

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8
Q

Zn (s)

A

Zn 2+ (aq)

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9
Q

Cr (s)

A

Cr 3+ (aq)

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10
Q

Fe (s)

A

Fe 2+ (aq)

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11
Q

Cd (S)

A

Cd 2+ (aq)

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12
Q

Sn (s)

A

Sn 2+ (aq)

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13
Q

Co (s)

A

Co 2+ (aq)

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14
Q

Pt (s)

A

Pt 2+ (aq)

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15
Q

Au (s)

A

Au 3+ (aq)

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16
Q

Li, K, Ba, Ca, Na

A

with water (l)

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17
Q

Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe

A

with H20 (g)

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18
Q

Co, Ni, Sn, Pb

A

with acid

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19
Q

below hydrogen

A

won’t occur unless its oxidizing acid e.g. HNO3

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20
Q

strong acids

A

HCl HBr HI HNO3 HClO3 HClO4 H2SO4

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21
Q

strong bases

A

LiOH, NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2

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22
Q

-ene

A

means theres a double bond

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23
Q

cis-

A

chain enters/leaves on same side of double bond aka O shape

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24
Q

trans

A

transverses double bond without changing direction

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25
Q

alkanes aren’t reactive

A

takes a lot of E to break c-c and c-h

26
Q

alkenes are more reactive

A

double bonds are point to break it at as well as triple bonds

27
Q

kyne

A

triply bonded

28
Q

conjugated double bonds

A

occur in groups like double single double single -

29
Q

more than 1 ring

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs carcinogenic- replaces hydrogens in order to preserve double bonds

30
Q

methyl

A

methane missing 1 H , becomes unstable and reacts with things quickly as possible

31
Q

phene

A

benzene ring

32
Q

weak acids

A

stay together in net ionic equation, 1% dissociation, 2-5 PH= don’t go to completion donates protons

33
Q

oxidizing agent

A

gets reduced, accepts electrons, moves from neutral to higher oxidation state.

34
Q

reducing agents

A

gets oxidized, loses electrons

35
Q

redox-

A

one must be aq (the one that is more easily reduced) and the other solid (one more easily oxidized/reacted with) (wants to replace the other one)

36
Q

acids produce H+

A

accepts pairs of electrons

37
Q

NH3

A

dissolves in water, acts as weak base

38
Q

amine functional groups

A

medicine for colds

39
Q

replace H with OH

A

makes alcohol (ethane becomes ethyl alc/ ethanol)

40
Q

driving force PPT

A

make strong bonds in solid

41
Q

driving force acid-base

A

make bonds in H20 or weak Acid

42
Q

driving force redox

A

transfer electrons

43
Q

driving force complexation

A

make bonds in soluble complex, aka dative bonds

44
Q

bases

A

accepts protons (H+)

45
Q

carbonic acid (H2 CO3 )

A

becomes co2 and h2o, le chatelier sink as well (decreases moles of gas)

46
Q

higher oxidation is solid

A

then it will replace less easily oxidizing ion in rxn

47
Q

HNO3

A

liberates NO2 and H20, this and HCL necessary for gold complex to form * nitrate both is and isn’t a spectator ion

48
Q

copper complex with Cu 2+ and ammonia

A

[Cu (NH3)4]2+

49
Q

copper complex with Cu2+ and cyanide

A

[Cu (CN)4] 2-

50
Q

silver complex with cyanide

A

[Ag (CN) 2] 2-

51
Q

gold complex * needs Cl and HNO3

A

[Au Cl4] - + h20 + NO2

52
Q

complexes need

A

excess of ion to attach, complexes gain control of placement of products and speeds up rxn.

53
Q

HF

A

absorbed through skin, ppts Ca 2+ out of blood to form CaF2 (s)

54
Q

HIO4

A

per iodic acid

55
Q

H2 SO4

A

sulphuric acid

56
Q

per - ic, -ic,

A

-ous, hypo -ous

57
Q

absorption/emission spectroscopy

A

E of photon = spacing in atom one product so E transition = E of photon

58
Q

photoionization

A

E of photon is greater than or equal to R

59
Q

photodissociation

A

E of photon is greater than or equal to dH

60
Q

photoelectric effect

A

E of photon is greater than or equal to work function

Chemisty 110 (9 decks)

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