Solubility and the Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) Flashcards
Salts dissolve more readily in solvents with ____________ like water.
electrostatic dipoles
These two energies are opposing and compete with each other, thus telling whether a salt forms ions effectively in solution or not.
Solvation and lattice energy
For a substance to be readily soluble, the ______ energy must be greater in magnitude than ______ energy.
solvation/ lattice
❑ When the ions are in solution, they are surrounded by water molecules, and the ions are said to be _______.
solvated
The lattice energies of difficulty soluble salts are comparatively _____ than their energies of solvation
larger
They produce only few ions in solution, thus making the reaction reversible.
slightly/sparingly soluble salts
In a _______solution, an equilibrium is established between ions in solution and undissolved solutes.
saturated
In slightly/sparingly soluble salts the ________ exist between ions detaching from the crystals and ions depositing back to the crystal salt.
equilibrium
The ______ of a substance is the amount of that substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent usually expressed in grams/Liter or g/100mL
solubility
Although most compounds dissolve in water to some extent, many are so slightly soluble that they are called
“insoluble compounds
As a rule of thumb, compounds that dissolve in water to the extent of ___________ or more are classified as soluble (Molar Solubility
0.020 mole/liter
may be considered to be in equilibrium; the equilibrium is between solid and ions in solution.
Solubility
Any _____ solid is 100% ionized in an aqueous solution; once it actually dissolves.
ionic solid
- an expression that has the same form as the equilibrium constant expression but whose concentration values are not necessarily those at equilibrium.
Reaction Quotient
Reaction quotient denoted as
Qsp
Qsp < Ksp
– Forward process is favored
• Qsp < Ksp
– No precipitation occurs, if solid is present, more solid can dissolve
Qsp > Ksp (The minimum factor is at 1000)
Reverse process (backward) is favored
Precipitation occurs to form more solid
• Qsp > Ksp
• Qsp > Ksp
Precipitation occurs to form more solid
Qsp = Ksp
– Solution is just saturated
– Solid and solution are in equilibrium; neither forward nor reverse process is favored
• Qsp = Ksp
