Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry MA > solubility > Flashcards

solubility Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a solute

A

a gas or solid that dissolves in a liquid, called the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water

A

Solubility rules for ionic compounds in water:
Common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble
* All nitrates are soluble
* Common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead (Il)
* Common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead (Il)
* Common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
* Common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water (name the soluble ones)

A

Solubility rules for ionic compounds in water:
Common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble
* All nitrates are soluble
* Common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead (Il)
* Common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead (Il)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water (name the insoluble ones)

A
  • Common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
  • Common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble).
  • Common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead (Il)
  • Common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead (Il)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is solubility

A

the measure of how much a solute can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent. it is measured in grams per 100g (or 100cm^3) of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when can you describe a solid as soluble?

A

if it dissolves in a particular solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does a solvent and solute make together

A

a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a saturated solution?

A

one in which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent (when more solute is added it simply sinks to the bottom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a solvent?

A

a substance that dissolves another substance, called a solute, to form a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a supersaturated solution?

A

when an object is heated up and cooled slowly so that added crystals grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does a solubility curve show? what does the actual curve show?

A

what mass of a solvent will dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature . the curve shows the no. grams of solute in a saturated solution contaiing 100ml or 100g of water at a certian temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does an amount of solute above/below the solubility curve indicate?

A

below-unsaturated at a certain temp
above-supersaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does it mean if the solubility curve moves up/down

A

if it moves down it is likely the solute is a gas but if it is a solid it will move upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens if a solution is dissolved in water but cooled down (supersaturated)

A

it will come out of the solution/precipitate - not all would stay dissolved???

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is concentration?

A

the measure of the number of particles dissolved in a given volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe conc. in terms of acid in a bottle

A

if there are lots of acid particles and fewer water molecules, it is concentrated, if not it is dilute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is conc. measured in?

A

mol/dm^3 or m (Molar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is Molar

A

the number of moles of a substance per 1 dm^3 of the solution it’s in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is dm^3 to cm^3

A

10^3cm3 = 1 dm3
1cm3 x 1000 = 1dm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the difference between conc. and strength.

A

strength is the extent to which an acid/alkali can dissociate (positive and negative bits break off) to produce H+ and OH- ions respectively. this si measured in pH. conc is the no of particles dissolved in a given volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

does conc. increase/decrease during evaporation?

A

it increases because the water particles evaporate but the solid particles stay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the equation linking moles, concentration, volume

A

moles = concentration x volume
n = cv
(mol) = (mol/dm3) x (dm3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the conversion between g/dm3 and mol/dm3

A

g/dm3 = mol/dm3 x Mr

24
Q

what is the equation linking moles, mass, and Mr?

A

n = mass/Mr
Mr x moles = mass

25
Q
A
26
Q

what is the equation linking n,c,v with changing, v/c

A

n1=n2
c1 x v1 = c2 x v2
v2 = c1 x v1/c2

27
Q

what is conc(gdm3)?

A

Mr x conc (mol/dm3)

28
Q

what is the equation linking moles, conentration, colume?

A

moles/volume (dm3) = conc (mol/dm3)

29
Q

what is the gas equation?

A

n=v/24dm3
or vol in cm3/2400

30
Q

give me a step by step of titration in order to make a salk

A
  1. use a pipette to put exactly 25 cm 3 of HCl (an acid) into a conical flask which is on a white tile
  2. take your solution of calcium hydroxide (alkali) and pour it into a burette. Note the starting volume.
  3. add a few drops (2-3) of a binary indicator, eg.g, phenolphthalein and slowly add the calcium hydroxide solution into the acid until the endpoint is reached when the indicator turns from colourless to pink
  4. repeat the experiment without the indicator (note volume of alkali required for neutralisation)
  5. once the solution is neutral, use a Bunsen burner to evaporate half of the water until the solution is saturated
  6. allow to cool and crystalise
  7. filter the solid calcium chloride
  8. pat the calcium chloride dry with filter paper
  9. transfer into a desiccator which is similar to an airtight container
31
Q

give me a step by step of titration in order to find the unknown conecntration

A
  1. use a pipette to put exactly 25 cm 3 of HCl (an acid) into a conical flask which is on a white tile
  2. take your solution of calcium hydroxide (alkali) and pour it into a burette. Note the starting volume.
  3. add a few drops (2-3) of a binary indicator, eg.g, phenolphthalein and slowly add the calcium hydroxide solution into the acid until the endpoint is reached when the indicator turns from colourless to pink
  4. repeat until concordant results (0.2 cm3) results obtained
  5. calculate agreave titre (av. change in volume)
32
Q

what does an acid and metal hydroxide make?

A

acid+ metal hydroxide = salt + water

33
Q

what does an acid and metal make?

A

acid+ metal hydroxide = salt + hydrogen

34
Q

what does an acid and metal carbonate make?

A

acid+ metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

35
Q

what is an acid?

A

a proton donor (A species that donates H* ions (protons))

36
Q

what is a base

A

a proton acceptor (A species that accepts H* ions (protons))

37
Q

what is a salt?

A

A compound where the H* from an acid has been replaced by a metal or other positive ion

38
Q

what is solubility?

A

A measure of the maximum amount of solute (in gl that can be dissolved per 100g of solvent

39
Q

what is a saturated solution?

A

A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved

40
Q

what is crystalisation?

A
  • A process whereby solid crystals form from a cooling solution because the amount of dissolved solid was greater than the solubility at a lower temperature
41
Q

what colour does litmus go?

A

red in acids, purple in neutral solutions, blue in alkaline solutions

42
Q

what colour does methyl orange go?

A

red in acidic solutions, yellow in neutral and alkaline solutions

43
Q

what colour does phenolphthalein go?

A

colourless to pink (acid-alkaline)

44
Q

what is the reaction between a base and an acide

A

a neutralisation reaction

45
Q

what can Neutralisation reactions in aqueous solutions also be shown as?

A

ionic equation in terms of H+ and OH- ions
(H+ + OH- -> H2O)

46
Q

what happens in a neutralisation reaction?

A

the OH ions are equal to the concentration of hydrogen ions

47
Q

awhat cann all acids do?

A

ionise/ dissociate in solution which means splitting up a hydrogen ion and another ion e.e.g, HCl -> H+ + CL-

48
Q

waht does acid strength mean?

A

what proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water

49
Q

what is the difference between weak and strong acids?

A

stong acids almost completely ionise in water so they dissociate to release h+ ions whereas weak acids don’t fully ionise.

50
Q

wht is the ionisaiton of a weak acid?

A

a reversible reaction, which sets up an equilibrium. only a few of the acid particles release H+ ions to the equilibrium lies far to the left

51
Q

how does concentration affect PH?

A

if the conc of H+ ions increases by a factor of 10, the pH decreases by 1 so if conc increases by 100 (10x10) the pH decreases by 2 (1+1)

52
Q

what is the difference between a soluble and insoluble salt?

A

when the two solutions are mixed, a salt will form a precipitate (insoluble) or just a form in solution (soluble salt)

53
Q

how do you make an insoluble salt?

A

using a precipitation reaction where you pick two soluble salts and react them together to make an insoluble salt

54
Q

how do you make a soluble salt?

A

using an acid and an insoluble base

55
Q
A

Chemistry MA (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions