Solubility Flashcards
What is solubility
A measure of the concentration of a saturated solution of a solute at a specified temperature
What is a solute
A chemical which dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
What is a saturated solution
A solution which contains as much of the solute as possible at a particular temperature
What are the three intermolecular forces involved in solubility
IMF forces between:
-solute molecules
-solvent molecules
-solute and solvent molecules
When does a solute dissolve in a solvent
When the forces between the solvent molecules and solute molecules are similar in strength so the energy released when new bonds form is similar to the energy taken to separate the intermolecular forces between solute and solvent molecules
What are miscible liquids
Those which mix with each other
What are immiscible liquids
Those which do not mix with each other
Why do non-polar molecules do not dissolve in water
As they can separate easily due to weak London forces between molecules however stronger hydrogen bonding between water molecules acts as a barrier as non-polar cannot form these bonds with water so they do not dissolve as not enough energy released when new bonds formed to break hydrogen bonds
Why are polar organic molecules insoluble in water
Due to weak dipole dipole forces between organic molecules which allow them to separate easily however they cannot form hydrogen bonds with water so remain separate as not enough energy released when dipole dipole forces form between solute and solvent to break hydrogen bonds in water
Why does ethanol dissolve in water
As ethanol can form hydrogen bonds with water which are similar in strength to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and also between ethanol molecules
What is hydration
When water molecules bond to ions and as water molecules are polar they are attracted to both positive and negative ions
How do ionic salts dissolve in water
As they are strongly hydrated by polar water molecules which cluster around the ions and bind to them, this energy released when water molecules bind to the ions is enough to overcome the electrostatic attractions between ions
