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chemistry > solubility > Flashcards

solubility Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of solubility

A

mass of solid required to saturate 100 g of water at a particular temperature

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2
Q

soluble

A
  • all sodium, potassium and ammonium salts
  • all nitrates
  • most chlorides, bromides, and iodides except silver and lead chlorides, bromides and iodides
  • most sulfates except lead and barium sulfates. calcium sulfates are slightly soluble
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3
Q

Insoluble

A
  • most carbonates except sodium, potassium and ammonia carbonates
  • most hydroxides except sodium, potassium and ammonia hydroxides
  • most oxides except sodium, potassium and calcium oxides which react with water
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4
Q

definition of solvent

A

liquid into which solute dissolves

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5
Q

definition of solute

A

solid which dissolves

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6
Q

definition of solution

A

formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent

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7
Q

definition of anhydrous

A

has no water of crystallisation

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8
Q

definition of hydrated

A

has water of crystallisation

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9
Q

definition of water of crystallisation

A

water has chemically bonded into the crystal structure

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10
Q

saturated solution

A

no more solid will dissolve in the liquid at the temperature

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11
Q

what happens the solubility of most solids when temperature is increased

A

solubility increases

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12
Q

what is solubility measured in

A

grams of solid per 100g of water

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13
Q

solubility graph what is the x and y axis

A

x= temperature
y= solubility g/100g

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14
Q

method for determining the solubility of a solid

A
  1. weigh a dry boiling tube
  2. add some solid and re-weight
  3. now add 10 cm3 of distilled water to the boiling tube
  4. place a thermometer in the boiling tube
  5. heat the boiling tube in a water bather until all the crystals dissolve
  6. allow the solution to cool and record the temperature at which crystals appear
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15
Q

what happens the solubility of gases as the temperature is increased

A

the solubility decreases

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16
Q

explain the effect of increasing temperature on fish in a river

A

-many factories use water as a coolant
-as the water cools the machinery it becomes hot and runs into rivers and lakes
-the temperature of the water in the rivers and lakes increases
-the solubility of oxygen decreases with increasing temperature
-fish require oxygen as there is less oxygen dissolved in the water the fish will die

chemistry (9 decks)

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