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ap chem > Solids Properties > Flashcards

Solids Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an amorphous solid?

A

An irregular solid composed of a non-uniform network of particles

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2
Q

What forces hold an amorphous solid together?

A

Directional covalent bonds

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3
Q

Provide examples of an amorphous solid:

A

Glass, rubber, some plastics

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4
Q

What is the hardness of an amorphous solid?

A

Variable (non-regular bonds, not predictable between solids)

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5
Q

What is the melting point of an amorphous solid?

A

Variable (non-regular bonds, melt at different temperatures)

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6
Q

Are amorphous solids conductors?

A

Poor conductors

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7
Q

What is a crystalline solid?

A

Solid that shows an ordered repeating particle pattern (true solid)

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8
Q

What is an atomic solid?

A

A solid in which atoms (can be of varying elements) occupy positions within a crystalline structure.

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9
Q

What is a (covalent) network solid?

A

A solid composed of repeating covalently bonded atoms.

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10
Q

What bonds hold a network solid together?

A

Directional covalent bonds

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11
Q

Provide examples of a network solid:

A

Diamond (3D), graphite (2D), quartz (SiO2)

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12
Q

What are the structural units of a network solid?

A

Atoms (typically nonmetals)

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13
Q

What is the hardness of a network solid?

A

Usually high, but variable

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14
Q

What is the melting point of a network solid?

A

Usually high, but variable

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15
Q

Are network solids conductors?

A

No, insulators

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16
Q

Which is stronger, a 2D or 3D network solid?

A

3D (also has a higher melting point and hardness e.g. diamond vs. graphite)

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17
Q

What is a unit cell?

A

The simplest repeating part of a crystal

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18
Q

What is a metallic solid?

A

A solid composed of metal atoms in a sea of electrons

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19
Q

What forces hold a metallic solid together?

A

Nondirectional covalent bonds (delocalized valence electrons)

20
Q

Provide examples of a metallic solid:

A

Iron, Gold, Copper, Steel, Pewter

21
Q

What is an interstitial alloy?

A

A metallic alloy in which other atoms are placed into the open spaces between metal cations (e.g. carbon in steel)

22
Q

What is a substitutional alloy?

A

A metallic alloy in which other metallic atoms are introduced into the electron sea (e.g. brass)

23
Q

What are the structural units of a metallic solid?

A

Metal ions (cations)

24
Q

What is the hardness of a metallic solid?

A

Alloys (hard)
Pure (soft)

25
Q

What is the melting point of a metallic solid?

A

Variable, can be incredibly hot (e.g. Tungsten W)

26
Q

Are metallic solids conductors?

A

Very good conductors of both heat and electricity.

27
Q

What is a group 8A solid?

A

Solids composed of elements from the noble gases

28
Q

Provide examples of a group 8A solid:

A

Argon (s)

29
Q

What are the forces holding a group 8A solid together?

A

London dispersion forces (LDFs)

30
Q

What is the hardness of a group 8A solid?

A

Soft

31
Q

What is the melting point of a group 8A solid?

A

Very low

32
Q

What is a molecular solid?

A

Molecules held in a crystal lattice

33
Q

What forces hold a molecular solid together?

A

LDFs, dip/dip (sometimes), H-bond (sometimes)

34
Q

Provide examples of a molecular solid:

A

Ice, dry ice, sugars, O2, NH3, etc.

35
Q

What are the structural units of a molecular solid?

A

Discrete molecules

36
Q

What is the hardness of a molecular solid?

A

Soft

37
Q

What is the melting point of a molecular solid?

A

Low (variable)

38
Q

Are molecular solids conductors?

A

Poor conductors

39
Q

What is an ionic solid?

A

A crystal lattice of ions

40
Q

What forces hold an ionic solid together?

A

Ionic/electrostatic forces

41
Q

Provide examples of an ionic solid:

A

NaCl, MgO, CaCl2, K2SO4

42
Q

What are the structural units of an ionic solid?

A

Unit cells of cations and anions

43
Q

What is the hardness of an ionic solid?

A

Hard but brittle

44
Q

What is the melting point of ionic solids?

A

Very high

45
Q

What is the solubility of ionic solids?

A

Usually soluble in water

46
Q

Are ionic solids conductors?

A

Conductors in liquid phase, non conductors in solid phase

ap chem (2 decks)

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