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Physics > Solids, Liquids, Gases > Flashcards

Solids, Liquids, Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

Density =

A

Mass / Volume

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2
Q

Pressure =

A

Force / Area

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3
Q

In gases and liquids at rest where does the pressure at any point act?

A

Equally in all directions

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4
Q

How do you get a lower pressure?

A

Same force applied over a larger area

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5
Q

Pressure difference =

A

Height x density x gravitational field strength

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6
Q

What is Pressure Difference?

A

Difference in pressure between two points in a liquid or gas

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7
Q

What is Pressure?

A

Measure of force being applied to the surface of something

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8
Q

What is Pressure measured in?

A

Pascals (Pa) or Kilopascal (kPa)

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9
Q

What are the units of density?

A

g/cm3 or Kg/m3

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10
Q

What are Solids?

A
  • Strong forces of attraction
  • Particles close together
  • Fixed regular arrangement
  • Vibrate In fixed position
  • No energy
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11
Q

What are Liquids?

A
  • Weaker forces of attraction
  • Particles close together but move past each other
  • Form irregular arrangements
  • Some energy
  • Move in random directions at low speeds
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12
Q

What are Gases?

A
  • No force of attraction
  • A lot of energy
  • Move in random directions at high speeds
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13
Q

What is Thermal energy store?

A

Energy in substances thermal energy store is held by its particles in their kinetic energy store

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14
Q

What happens if you heat a liquid?

A
  • Extra energy transferred into particles kinetic energy store
  • Move faster
  • Big bubbles of gas from in liquid = boiling
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15
Q

What happens if you heat a solid?

A
  • Extra energy makes particles vibrate faster

* Eventually forces between them are partly overcome and start to move around = melting

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16
Q

How can particles near surface of liquid escape and become gas particles?

A
  • If particles are travelling in right direction to escape
  • If particles travelling fast enough - have energy in their kinetic energy stores to overcome attractive forces of the other particles
17
Q

What is Evaporation?

A

Particles escape from a liquid and become gas particles

18
Q

Describe an experiment to show that temperature remains constant during changes of state?

A
  • Fill beaker with crushed ice
  • Thermometer in beaker + record temperature of ice
  • Hear beaker w/ Bunsen burner
  • Every 20 secs record temp + state of ice - do until water boils
  • Plot graph of temperature against time for experiment
19
Q

What happens if you cool a substance down?

A

You reduce the energy of particles

20
Q

What is Absolute zero?

A
  • Cold as stuff can get

* Start of Kelvin scale of temperature

21
Q

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvins?

A

Add 273

22
Q

What is the Boiling point of water for Celsius and Kelvin?

A
  • 100 degrees celsius

* 373 Kelvin

23
Q

What is the Particle theory?

A
  • Gases are very small particles which are constantly moving in random directions
  • Particles collide with / bounce off each other and the container walls
  • If you Increase the temperature of gas, you give particles more energy
24
Q

What is the temperature of gas (in kelvins) proportional to?

A

The average energy in the kinetic energy stores of its particles

25
Q

What happens when gas particles collide with a container of each other?

A
  • They exert a force on it
  • Their momentum + direction changes
  • In sealed container = smash against its walls, creating an outward pressure
26
Q

What happens if you heat a gas?

A
  • Particles move faster and have more energy in their kinetic stores
  • Particles hit container walls harder + more frequently = larger force = more pressure
27
Q

What happens if you put the same fixed amount of gas in a bigger container?

A
  • Fewer collisions between gas particles and container walls
  • Pressure decreases
28
Q

What happens if you put the same fixed amount of gas in a smaller container?

A 
When volume reduced: 
•Particles more squashed up 
•Hit walls more frequently 
•Producing a larger force over a small surface area 
•Pressure increases
29
Q

What’s the equation for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature?

A

Constant = Pressure x Volume

30
Q

What is the equation for a gas in a sealed container at a constant volume?

A

Constant =

Pressure / Temperature(in K)

31
Q

What is a specific heat capacity of a substance?

A

The energy required to change the temperature of an object by 1 degrees per kilogram of mass

32
Q

How can you find the specific heat capacity of water?

A
  • Mass of insulating container
  • Mass of container with water
  • Difference In mass is the mass of water in the container
  • Attach joulmeter to container + electric heater with thermometer
  • Measure Temp + turn on power
  • When temp increased, turn off power,record temp increase + energy on joulmeter
  • Repeat 3 times + find average

Physics (7 decks)

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