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A Physics Mock Study pt2 > Solids, Liquids and Gases - GCSE > Flashcards

Solids, Liquids and Gases - GCSE Flashcards

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1
Q

what is density?

A

how much mass is packed into a given volume of space

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2
Q

density is the measure of what?

A

compactness of a substance

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3
Q

how do you calculate density?

A

density (p) = mass (m)/ volume (v)

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4
Q

what are the units of density?

A

g/ cm3 or kg/ m3. 1g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3

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5
Q

what does the density of an object depend on?

A

what it is made of

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6
Q

density doesn’t vary with what?

A

size or shape

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7
Q

what does the average density of an object determine?

A

whether an object floats or sinks

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8
Q

a solid object will float on a fluid depending on what?

A

if it has a lower density than the fluid

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9
Q

how do you measure the volume of an object? (with regular shape, e.g a box shape)

A

measure its length, width and height with a ruler. Then calculate its volume by multiplying the length width and height together

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10
Q

how do you measure the volume of an object? (with irregular shape, e.g a rock)

A

put the rock in a eureka can filled with water. The water displaced by the object will be transferred to the measuring cylinder. Record the volume of water in the measuring cylinder. This is the volume of the object

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11
Q

what is pressure?

A

a measure of the force being applied to the surface of something

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12
Q

what is the formula of pressure?

A

pressure = force/ area

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13
Q

the same force applied over a large area creates what?

A

a lower pressure

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14
Q

in what direction does pressure act in gases and liquids at rest?

A

equally in all directions

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15
Q

what makes pressure increase in gases and liquids?

A

depth (e.g pressure is higher at the bottom of the sea than at the surface)

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16
Q

what is pressure difference?

A

the difference in pressure between two points in a liquid or a gas

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17
Q

what does pressure difference depend on?

A
  • height difference (in m)
  • density (in kg/ m3)
  • gravity
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18
Q

what is the formula of pressure difference?

A

pressure difference = height x density x gravitational field strength

19
Q

what makes solids become liquids?

A

melting

20
Q

what makes liquid become gas?

A

boiling

21
Q

what makes gas become liquid?

A

condense

22
Q

what makes liquid become solid?

A

solidifies

23
Q

what is the number for gravitational strength?

A

10 n/kg (newtons per kilograms)

24
Q

what happens to particles when temperature is increased?

A

the particles have more energy (they move more quickly and vibrate more)

25
Q

what happens to particles when temperature is decreased?

A

there is a reduce on the energy of particles

26
Q

what is the coldest that anything can ever get?

A

-273 celsius

27
Q

what is -273 celsius also known as

A

absolute zero

28
Q

how are particles at absolute zero?

A

they have as little energy in their kinetic stores as it’s possible to get

29
Q

what is -273 celsius the start of?

A

it is the start of the Kelvin scale

30
Q

how do you convert degrees celsius to kelvins?

A

add 273

31
Q

how do you convert kelvins to degrees celsius?

A

subtract 273

32
Q

how do particles in gas move?

A

they move constantly and in a random direction

33
Q

how much space does gas take?

A

nothing, most of gas is empty space

34
Q

the temperature of gas in kelvins is proportional to what?

A

the average energy in the kinetic energy stores of its particles

35
Q

anything that is moving has energy in what?

A

in its kinetic energy store

36
Q

what is the energy in kinetic energy store equal to?

A

1/2 mv2

37
Q

what do colliding gas particles create?

A

they create pressure

38
Q

what do gas particles create in a sealed container when they smash against the container’s walls?

A

they create an outward pressure

39
Q

what does the pressure depend on when gas particles smash against the container’s walls?

A

on how fast and how often they hit the walls

40
Q

what makes particles move faster?

A

the increase of temperature

41
Q

what happens if you double the temperature of a fixed amount of gas? (what happens to the pressure)

A

you double the pressure

42
Q

what is the relation between temperature (in K) and pressure?

A

they are proportional

43
Q

what happens if you reduce volume of a container with gas?

A

the particles get less space meaning more collisions are formed

44
Q

what is the formula for constant?

A

pressure x volume = constant

you can also write the equation as:
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 (P1 and V1 -> starting conditions, P2 x V2 -> ending conditions)

A Physics Mock Study pt2 (8 decks)

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