Solids, liquids and gases

Question 1

What is the process called from solid to liquid?

Answer 1

melting

Question 2

What is the process called from liquid to solid?

Answer 2

freezing

Question 3

What is the process called from liquid to gas?

Answer 3

boiling

Question 4

What is the process called from gas to liquid?

Answer 4

condensing

Question 5

What is the process called from gas to solid?

Answer 5

sublimation

Question 6

What is the process called from solid to gas?

Answer 6

sublimation

Question 7

How would you describe a gas?

Answer 7

rapid, random, big spaces - most kinetic energy - they exert themselves onto the walls of their container and collide with the walls.

Question 8

How would you describe a solid?

Answer 8

regular arrangement, vibrating - least kinetic energy

Question 9

How would you describe a liquid?

Answer 9

still touching, can move around other

Question 10

When kinetic energy is added to a solid, liquid and a gas what happens to the temperature?

Answer 10

It increases

Question 11

When kinetic energy is added to a solid, liquids and a gas what happens to the particles?

Answer 11

They gain kinetic energy

Question 12

What happens when a substance is melting?

Answer 12

Heat energy is used to break bonds between molecules.

Question 13

What happens when a substance is boiling?

Answer 13

Heat energy is used to overcome attractive forces

Question 14

What is the formula for density?

Answer 14

density = mass divided by volume

Question 15

What is the formula for volume of a cuboid?

Answer 15

volume = width x length x height

Question 16

What is the formula for pressure?

Answer 16

pressure = force divided by area

Question 17

At any point in a solid, liquid or gas which direction does the particles act?

Answer 17

equally in all directions

Question 18

What is the formula for pressure at different depths in liquids?

Answer 18

pressure = density x height x gravity. field strength

Question 19

What is the absolute temperature proportional to?

Answer 19

to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Question 20

since gas particles exert a force on the walls of the container, they also exert pressure os how would you work out the pressure?

Answer 20

pressure = force divided by area

Question 21

What is absolute zero equal to?

Answer 21

-273 degrees celsius

Question 22

How do you go from degrees celsius to kelvins and the other way around?

Answer 22

degrees celsius = K - 273 K = degrees celsius + 273

Question 23

What temp is absolute zero?

Answer 23

0 kelvins

Question 24

What is absolute zero?

Answer 24

Where the particles stop moving and there is no pressure.

Question 25

In a fixed volume if you increase the temperature what happens to the temperature?

Answer 25

it increases due to increased speed of collision and hence increased force or increase rate/ frequency of collision.

Question 26

If you double the temp in kelvins what happens to the pressure ?

Answer 26

it doubles

Question 27

What is the formula for doubling temp in kelvins and doubling the pressure?

Answer 27

P1 x T2 = P2 x T2 or P1 dived by T1 = P2 divided by T2

Question 28

For a fixed temperature, what happens when you halve the volume of the container?

Answer 28

It doubles the rate of collision and doubles the pressure.

Question 29

What is the formula for Boyle’s law?

Answer 29

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 or P1 = (P2 x V2) divided by V1 or P2 = (P2 x V2) divided by P1

Question 30

What is the formula for the change in thermal energy?

Answer 30

change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temp.

Question 31

What is the difference between accuracy and precision?

Answer 31

Precision = an indication of the smallest increment that can be measured on an instruments scale. and Accuracy = an indication of how close a measurement is to it’s actual value (for a given level of precision)

Question 32

Describe an experiment where the temperature remains constant during changes of state.

Answer 32

• Put ice in a test tube with a thermometer and measure the temperature every 2 minutes until it’s melted.

Question 33

Describe an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of materials such as water or metals.

Answer 33

• have a heater in an aluminium block with a thermometer.

- check the thermometer every 2 minutes to see the change in temperature.