Solids, Liquids and Gases Flashcards
State the SI units for temperature
C - celcius
K - kelvin
State the SI unit for Force
N
State the SI unit for Mass
Kg
State the SI unit for density
Kg/m3
State the SI unit for pressure
Pa
State the SI unit for specific heat capacity
J/kgC
State the formula for density
Density = mass/volume or ρ = m/v
State the formula for volume
Volume = width x length x height
State the formula for static pressure
Pressure = force/ area or P=F/A
How does pressure act in liquids and gases?
It acts equally in all directions (not just downwards)
State the formula for pressure difference at different depths in liquids
Pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength p = h x ρ x g
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a solid
least kinetic energy
regular arrangement
vibrate about a fixed point
coldest
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a liquid
Can move past each other
Disorganised
Describe the arrangement and motion of particles in a gas
Most kinetic energy Random Rapid/ fast Big spaces Exert a force on the walls of their container, they also exert pressure since pressure = force/area
State something about proportion with temperature and kinetic energy
(absolute) temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
State something about pressure and gas
Since the gas particles exert a force on the walls of their container, they also exert pressure since pressure = force/area
What happens when the temperature of a gas is increased?
The kinetic energy/speed of the particles increases
State the lowest temperature possible
0 Kelvin or -273C
What is zero Kelvin called?
Absolute zero - at this temperature particles stop moving and there is no pressure (since they don’t collide with the walls of the container)
Describe how for a fixed volume, what happens if the temperature increases
If the temperature increases then the pressure increases due to -
Increased speed of collision (with the walls of the container) and hence increased force
Increased rate/ frequency of collision (with the walls of the container)
State the relationship between kelvin and pressure
Doubling the temperature in kelvin doubles the pressure
State the equation linking kelvin and pressure
P1 x T2 = P2 T1
State the relationship between halving volume and pressure
(For a fixed temperature) Halving the volume of container doubles the rate of collision (with the walls of the container) and hence doubles the pressure
State the equation linking volume and pressure
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2