Solids Liquids And Gases

Question 0

Describe the arrangement of liquid particles.

Answer 0

Liquids are made up of particles that are fairly close together; the bonds between the between the particles are weaker that in solids.

Question 1

Describe the arrangement of solid particles.

Answer 1

Solids are made up of particles that are very close together and are held tightly together by strong bonds.

Question 2

Explain the arrangement of gas particles.

Answer 2

Gases are made up of particles that are well spread out, with no bonds between them.

Question 3

What are the properties of solids?

Answer 3

They have a fixed shape and volume, a high density, do not flow and can’t be squashed. The particles hardly move at all and mostly just vibrate.

Question 4

What are the properties of liquids?

Answer 4

They don’t have a fixed shape, but do have a fixed volume, are usually less dense than solids, flow quite easily and are hard to squash. The particles move pansy each other.

Question 5

What are the properties of gases?

Answer 5

They don’t have a fixed shape or fixed volume, they have a very low density, flow very easily and are easy to squash. They are free to move around.

Question 6

What happens to particles when they heat up?

Answer 6

They start to move as they get charged with kinetic energy. This energy should allow solids to become liquids and liquids to become gases.

Question 7

If the melting point of a substance is 0 degrees Celsius then what is the freezing point?

Answer 7

0 degrees.

Question 8

If the boiling point of a substance is 100 degrees then at what temperature does it condense?

Answer 8

100 degrees Celsius.

Question 9

If the melting point is -219 and the boiling point is 20 then what state is the substance in at 21 degrees?

Answer 9

Liquid.

Question 10

When a substance is solid what are the particles doing?

Answer 10

Vibrating and not moving very much at all.

Question 11

What are the particles doing in a liquid?

Answer 11

Moving over and rolling around each other.

Question 12

What are the particles in a gas doing?

Answer 12

Moving freely into space very quickly.

Question 13

What is meant by diffusion?

Answer 13

When a substance spreads out and mixes. It moves from an area of high concentration into an area of low concentration.

Question 14

Who was Robert Brown?

Answer 14

A Scottish scientist who studied botany-the science of plants.

Question 15

What happened in 1827?

Answer 15

Robert Brown was using his microscope to look at pollen grains that were floating in water. To his surprise he notice that the pollen grains were moving in a strange, zigzag way. He checked his observations carefully and found that they were correct.

Question 16

What was Robert Browns first thought when he saw the pollen grains moving in the water?

Answer 16

He thought that the grains were alive as they came from living plants and therefore were capable of moving on their own.

Question 17

What did Robert Brown try after thinking the the pollen was alive? What were the results?

Answer 17

He tried the experiment with soot and the results were the same. Brown was unable to explain the results and neither could anyone else so the experiment was abandoned.

Question 18

What happen 80 years after Brown made the observations in 1905?

Answer 18

Albert Einstein can up with a theory to explain the observations. He suggested that the grains were being bombarded on all sides by invisible water particles that were too small to be seen but the effect was that lots of the particles together were just strong enough to push the grains around.

Question 19

What happened in 1908, three years after Einstein’s theory?

Answer 19

Jean-Baptiste Perrin used Einstein’s theory to calculate the size of water particles. This estimate suggested that particles were less that 0.000000001 metres in size.