Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Question 1

states/phases of matter

Answer 1

solid, gas, liquid

Question 2

kinetic theory

Answer 2

explains how particles in matter behave (particle behavior model)

Question 3

all matter is composed of…

Answer 3

small particles

Question 4

particles move in a…

Answer 4

random, constant motion

Question 5

particles collide with…

Answer 5

each other and the walls of their containers

Question 6

thermal energy

Answer 6

total energy of a materials particles, causing the particles to vibrate in place

Question 7

average kinetic energy

Answer 7

temperature of a substance or how fast the particles are moving (low temperature, slow movement)

Question 8

solid state

Answer 8

particles are closely packed together in a specific geometric arrangement called a crystal lattice

Question 9

liquid state

Answer 9

a solid begins to liquefy at its melting point as the particles gain enough energy to overcome their ordered arrangement

Question 10

heat of fusion

Answer 10

energy required to reach the melting point

Question 11

liquid particles have more ______ between them allowing them to _____ & __________.

Answer 11

space, flow & take the shape of their container.

Question 12

gaseous state

Answer 12

liquid particles have enough energy to overcome the attractive forces in other particles of the liquid (no definite shape/volume)

Question 13

heat of vaporization

Answer 13

the energy required for a liquid to turn into a gas

Question 14

at the boiling point…

Answer 14

the pressure of a liquids vapor is equal to the pressure of the atmosphere causing the liquid to turn into a soild

Question 15

diffusion

Answer 15

the process in which gas particles spread evenly throughout their container

Question 16

heating curve of a liquid

Answer 16

as a solid melts and a liquid vaporizes, the temperature remains the same

Question 17

constant

Answer 17

temperature will increase when the attractive forces of the earlier state have been overcome

Question 18

plasma

Answer 18

the most common state of matter consisting of high-temperature gas with balanced positively and negatively charged particals

Question 19

thermal expansion

Answer 19

the increase in a size of a substance as temperature increases

Question 20

expansion and contraction occur in ______ solids, liquids, and gases

Answer 20

most

Question 21

water is an exception to thermal expansion because it…

Answer 21

expands when it turns into a soild.

Question 22

amorphous solid

Answer 22

lack the tightly ordered structure found in crystals, do not have a specific temperature in which they turn to solid or liquid, examples including wax, obsidian, plastic, glass

Question 23

buoyancy

Answer 23

the ability of a fluid (liquid or gas) to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it

Question 24

buoyancy (float)

Answer 24

weights less than the buoyant force acting on it

Question 25

buoyancy (sink)

Answer 25

weights more than the buoyant force acting on it

Question 26

archimedes principle

Answer 26

buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

Question 27

an object will float if…

Answer 27

its density is less than the density of the fluid it is placed in

Question 28

pascals principle

Answer 28

the pressure applied to a fluid is equally transmitted throughout the fluid

Question 29

p=

Answer 29

f/A

Question 30

hydraulic machine use…

Answer 30

pascals principles to life heavy loads

Question 31

bernoullis principle

Answer 31

as velocity increases, pressure exerted decreases (airplanes fly)

Question 32

viscosity

Answer 32

a liquids resistance to flow

Question 33

what determines a liquid’s viscosity?

Answer 33

its molecular structure

Question 34

increased temp. will ________ viscosity

Answer 34

lower

Question 35

pressure unit

Answer 35

pascal (Pa, N/m2)

Question 36

what results in atmospheric pressure

Answer 36

collisions of particles in air

Question 37

what results in gas pressure

Answer 37

particles colliding with the walls of their container

Question 38

boyles law

Answer 38

indirect relationship between pressure and volume (volume goes up, pressure goes down) (pressure goes up, volume goes down)