Solids, liquids and gases Flashcards
Relationship between density, mass and volume?
density = mass/volume ρ = m/v
Relationship between pressure, force and area?
pressure = force/area p = F/A
How does pressure act at a point in a gas or a liquid that is at rest?
Pressure at a point in a gas or a liquid that is at rest acts equally in all directions.
This is because the particles of the liquid or gas are constantly in random motion. constantly colliding with each other, exerting a force on the other particles and on the wall of the container, talked about in terms of the pressure it exerts on an area.
What is the equation for pressure difference?
pressure difference = density x gravitational field strength x height
p = ρgh
How does heating a system change the energy stored in it, raise its temperature and produce changes of state?
Heating a system initially increases its kinetic energy and increases its temperature. At some point the kinetic energy is so much that the forces holding the system e.g. in the structure of a solid can no longer prevent the distance between the particles from increasing and increasing in potential energy. At this point, the change of state, kinetic energy and temperature remain the same.
How are particles arranged in a solid?
How do they move?
They are tightly packed in a regular pattern, with particles held in place by forces of attraction.
They vibrate while staying in the same place in the structure.
How are particles arranged in a liquid?
How do they move?
They are closely packed together in an irregular pattern, able to move past each other.
They slide over each other in a random motion.
How are particles arranged in a gas?
How do they move?
They are widely spaced out irregularly and the particles can move about freely.
There is random motion, faster than in the other states.
