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Solids Liquids And Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the standard unit for density

A

Kg/m3

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2
Q

What is the formula for denisty in words

A

Density = mass/volume

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3
Q

What is the formula for density in notation

A

P= m/v

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4
Q

What does it mean of you say a solid is dense

A

It has a high mass for a certain volume

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5
Q

Descrive how you can messure the density of a regular solid

A

Measure the mass by placing it on a balance
Calculate the volume by doing length x width x volume
Divide the mass by the volume
Repeat several times and calculate an average

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6
Q

Describe how you can measure the density of an irregular shaped object

A

Measure the mass on a balance
Measure the volume by pouring water into a eureka can
And then place the object in the can and messure the amount of water displaced in a meausring cylinder which is equal to volume of the solid
Then divide the mass by the volume of water displaced
Repeat several times and calculate an average

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7
Q

Of you were trying to measure the volume of a cylinder, how could you do this and with what equipment

A

Use a vernier caliper
And mulitply the length x width x height

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8
Q

What can you use a micrometer for

A

For very small objects,

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9
Q

How do you calculate the volume of a sphere

A

4/3 pieR^3

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10
Q

How can you determine the denisty of a liquid

A

Measure the mass of the liquid by pouring it into a measuring cylinder and placing it on a scale
Measure the volume of the liquid by observing the measuremnt of the measuring cylinder
Mass divided by volume
Repeat several times and calculate an average

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11
Q

In the experiment to determine the density of an irregular shaped object, name one error that could happen

A

The object could be placed in the eureka can from a height and so would splash and too much water could be displaced

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12
Q

In an experiment to messire the density of a liquid, describe one error that could happen

A

Parallax error could pccur where because The measuring cylinder may not be completely horizontal, the position of the readings could look different

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13
Q

In an experiment to measure the density of a liquid name an error that could happen when measuring thr mass

A

The mass of the cylinder may not be measured before measuring thr mass of the liquid

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14
Q

The volume of a liquid is 50cm^3 and the mass of the liquid is 46g
Calculate the density in kg/m3

A

P=m/v
46g/50cm^3
46/1000
50/ 1000000(because cm to m is 100, and then 100^3)
0.046/ 0.00005
=920kg/m^3

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15
Q

What is the definition of pressure

A

The force per unit area

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16
Q

Why can a drawing pin be pushed into wood but your finger can not

A

Because the drawing pin is more concentrated
so the force is spread out over a small area, providing more pressure

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17
Q

What is the standard unit for meausuring pressure

A

Pascal(N/M^2)

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18
Q

What is the formula for pressure

A

Pressure = force/area

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19
Q

What is another measurement equivalent to the pascal

A

N/m^2

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20
Q

Why do tractors not sink into the mud

A

They have large tires
So their weight(force) spreads out over a bigger area
So less pressure is exerted

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21
Q

How does the pressure in a liquid act, and how can this be shown

A

The pressure acts in all directions and randomly and this can be shown when holes are punhced into a can

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22
Q

Although our body exerts a pressure, why do we not feel it?

A

Because the air exerts a similar pressure

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23
Q

What is the exact unit of pressure exerted on your body by the atmosphere

A

100,000Pa

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24
Q

When a remove the air from a magdeburg hemisphere, what happens in terms of forces

A

Force is only exerted by the atmosphere on the hemisphere and it is impossible to break it apart

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25
Q

A water spout has a hole at the bottom, in the middle and at the top. When water comes out, which hole will exert the most pressure

A

The lowest hole because it will have more weight of water above it so will have more pressure

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26
Q

In which direction, do particles in a fluid exert a force if they are in a container

A

At right angles with the container

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27
Q

What is the formula to calculate the pressure in a liquid

A

P= p x h x g/a

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28
Q

What is the pressure of the atmosphere caused by

A

Ot is caused by air molecules colliding with a surface

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29
Q

Why do mountain climbers need to take a supply of oxygen with them

A

Because atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases
Because the number of air molecules decreases and so density decrease

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30
Q

Explaim why crisp packets swell up on a plane

A

At ground level, the number of particles exerted on thr bag is the same as the number of partcicles aexerted by the bag
But as altitude increases, pressure decreases
So number of particles exerted on the bag is less than the number of particles exerted by the bag

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31
Q

What is the density of water

A

1000kg/m^3

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32
Q

What is the name of the equipment used to measure atmospheric pressure

A

Barometer

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33
Q

Can you compress a liquid?
Explain why or why not

A

No because there are no spaces inbetween the particles

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34
Q

Can you compress a gas

A

Yes because there are a lot of spaces in between

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35
Q

Do liquids have a definite volume

A

Yes

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36
Q

What is the arrangemnt of particles for a solid liquid and gas

A

Solid= arranged regulalrly
Liquid= arranged randomly
Gas= arranged randomly

37
Q

Describe the movement of particles for a solid, liquid and gas

A

Solid= vibrate in fixed positions
Liquid= able to slide past each other
Gas= move quickly and randomly in all directions

38
Q

Why does the mass not change when there is a change of state

A

Because the number of molecules in the space is not being changed, only the amount of energy

39
Q

When a solid turns to a gas what is the change of state

A

Sublimation

40
Q

When a gas turns to a solid what is the change in state

A

Deposition

41
Q

Do liquids expand to fill all available space

A

No
(Although they filll the shape of the container, they do not fill the entire soace

42
Q

What kind of forces does a liquid have between the particles

A

Strong forces (but have been stretched out)

43
Q

If i leave a beaker of water, after 24 hours, how will the total internal energy within the beaker differ and why?

A

Total internal energy will have decreased, because evaporation causes most energetic particles to leave

44
Q

Explain how when i change the state of a substance the temperature does not change

A

Because thermal energy is going to the internal energy store, which is used to break the bonds of the substance
rather than to increase the average kinetic energy of the particles. So kinetic energy stays constant

45
Q

What is temperature?

A

The average kinetic energy of particles

46
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity

A

Change in energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

ΔQ = mcΔT

47
Q

On a heating curve, what does a flat line represent in terms of state of matter and temperature

A

Change of state
Temperature stays the same

48
Q

On a heating or cooling curve, what axis does the temperature go on, and what axis does the time go on

A

Temperature = y axis
Time = x axis

49
Q

What is the definition of specfic heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1degree

50
Q

If a substance heats and cools very slowly, what can you say about its specfic heat capacity and why

A

It has a high specfic heat capacity
Because it requires more energy to change the temperature

51
Q

If a substance heats and cools at a low specific heat capacity, what can you say about the amount of time it takes to heat it and why

A

It takes a short amount of time and happens quickly
Because less energy is required to change the temperature

52
Q

In an investigation to measure specfic heat capacity, once the graph is plotted, how do we figure out the specfic heat capacity

(Graph is of energy and temperature)

A

It will be the gradient of the line

(Remeber energy is on x axis and temp is on y axis)

53
Q

How do we know that the air is made from particles

A

Because of brownian motion within larger particles such as smoke or pollem,

54
Q

Definition of brownian motion

A

The random movement of particles of a fluid

55
Q

When the volume decreases, what happens to the pressure

A

Pressure increases

56
Q

When the pressure increases, what happens to the volume

A

volume decreases

57
Q

If i decrease the volume of a container containing gas, what happens to the pressure of the container and why

A

Pressure increases
Because less space
because there are more frequent collisions against the wall of the container
So a higher force is exerted per unit area

58
Q

If i double the volume of a container does the pressure increase or decrease and why

A

Pressure decreases
Because more space
Because less frequent collisions against the wall of the container
so less force exerted per unit area
And therefore less pressure

59
Q

What is the formual for pressure and volume at a fixed temperature

A

P1v1=p2v2

60
Q

Absolute zero meaning

A

The temperature at which the particles in a gas have no kinetic energy

61
Q

Why do gases have no pressure at absolute 0

A

Because they have no kinetic energy so there are no collisions against the wall

62
Q

What is the absolute 0 temperature in celcius

A

-273

63
Q

The temperature in a room is 300K. What temperature is it in degrees celcius

A

27degrees

64
Q

The temperature in a room is 24 degrees. What is this in Kelvin

A

297K

65
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and temperature

A

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature

66
Q

How many kilopascals is the atmosphere

A

100kpa

67
Q

Explain why the pressure increases when the temperature increases

A

Because the particles gain kinetic energy
So thry move faster and have harder more frequent collisipns agaisnt the well
So exert a stronger force per unit area and therefore exert more pressure

68
Q

When a liquid evaporates, explain why the temperature decreases

A

Most energetic particles escape
So total kinetic energy decreases
and temperature is directly proportional to th average kinetic energy
So it also decrease

69
Q

Describe how solids liquids and gases are packed

A

Solids are tightly packed
Liquids are also tightly pacled
Gases are spread out

70
Q

If you have a cylinder trapped with gas and a piston and you heat, what do the particles do to the piston

A

They move the piston out
Because when particles are heated, they gain kinetic energy
So they have harder and more frequent collisions against the wall
And will exert more pressure which will cause then piston to move out

71
Q

Draw gas particles with arrows in a container

A

Should all be same size
Arrows should point ind ifferent directions
Arrow sizes should vary (because they travel at different speeds)

72
Q

A student uses an apparatus to see the effect that pressure has on volume by using weights in top of a gas syringe. Explain why she measures the volume whilst increasing the pressure and whilst decreasing the pressure. (2)

A

To make her resulsts more reliable and to produce and average result.

73
Q

If i pour water into a container made of dofferent shapes but with equal depth, will the water pressure be equal or unequal and explain why

A

Water pressure will be equal because pressure does not depend upon shape of a container, but rather the depth of the container

74
Q

Give a reason why air bubbles breathed by a marine diver increase in volume as they reach the surface

A

Pressure decreases as altitudes decrease
So because pressure is indirectly proportional to volume
The volume will increase

75
Q

How can you measure the area of your foot in contact with the floor

A

Trace around your foot
Using graoh paper, Draw a rectangle around what fits majority of the foot
Count the number of squares the foot occupies

76
Q

How many kelvin in 0degrees

A

273

77
Q

On a graph for temperature and pressure,which axis does the temperature go on

A

The X axis

78
Q

Explain what happens in terms of molecules when a liquid turns to a gas

A

Gains kinetic energy
Bonds begin to break as they overcome forces of attraction
Begin to move apart and more freely

79
Q

If i place a balloon in the fridge, why does it become smaller

A

Because the particles lose kinetic energy and become slower
So less frequent collisions and they exert less force
Which pulls them in together and makes them contract

80
Q

When conducting an experiment on specific heat capacity, why might the energy collected from your results be different from published results

A

Because energy could be lost towards the room

81
Q

Describe experiment on how to measure specific heat capacity

A

1)place liquid into a beaker and measure the mass
2)place a thermometer and measure the starting temperature, then insert an immersion heater inside
3)insulate with insulating foam to prevent energy from escaping
4)add a joulmeter connected to a low voltage supply to measure energy given off
5)inset measurements into formula

82
Q

During the experiment to measure specific heat capacity, give three reasons why the S.H.C calculated may not be accurate

A

1)all of the heat from immersion heater may not be fully transferred, so make sure it is fully submerged
2)all of heat may not be evenly distributed, so stir with a rod
3)thermal energy may pass out of the beaker, so use an insulator with lower thermal conductivity

83
Q

Why does the graph for pressure against temperature in degrees not start at the origin

A

Because pressure is proportional to temperature in kelvin.
(If you were to draw a graph of pressure against temperature in kelvin, it would start at 0)

84
Q

Symbols for momentum, pressure and density

A

Momentum =P
Pressure = P
Density = rho

85
Q

A student measures the mass of a beaker of water twice, leaving 24 hours between the readings. The temperature in the room remained constant between readings, however, they notice a decrease in the mass of the beaker of water.
C The density of water in the air increased
D The total number of water molecules in the air and water decreased.
Explain of true or false

A

1) true because density is a measure of how closely packed the particles are, so additional water molecules were added to the air, without a significant change in the volume of the air
2)is not true because no mass is lost during evaporation - it is only changed from a liquid to gas state, because the number of particles basically stays the same

86
Q

Explain how to measure the specific heat capacity of a solid

A

1)make two holes in it for the thermometer and immersion heater to pass through
2)measure the mass on a balance
3) place thermometer inside and immersion heater and measure the initial temperature
4)attach a joulmeter and power supply wrap it around insulating foam to reduce heat loss
5)start the immersion heater and leave for 30 mins
6)measure the final temperature and the value on the joulmeter
7) rearrange the equation change Q= MCchangeT

87
Q

State two conditions for evaporation to occur

A

1)if the particles are moving in the right direction
2) if they have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces of the other particles

88
Q

Explain how evaporation is different to boiling

A

The liquid can boil at a temperature lower than the boiling point, but for boiling it only occurs at the boiling point.
The particles must also be travelling in the right direction and the particles must have enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces of attraction with the other particles.

89
Q

Explain why the remains liquid cools down when a,Iquitos starts to turn to a gas by evaporation

A

Because during evaporation, the particles with the highest amount of kinetic energy evaporate
Therefore the average total kinetic energy in the particles decreases, causing the temperature to also decrease.

physics (10 decks)

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