Solids & Liquids Flashcards
What is matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
-Anything that takes up space and has mass.
What are the two condensed states?
Liquid/ Gas
Property of matter - Gas
Particle Motion: continuous & random
Order: disordered
Particle Spacing: relatively LARGE
Volume/Shape: takes on volume and shape of container
Compressibility: VERY compressible
Density: LOW
FLUID
Property of matter- Liquid
Particle Motion: continuous and random
Order: disordered GROUPS
Particle Spacing: SMALL
Volume/Shape: definite volume, takes on shape of portion of container occupied
Compressibility: NOT very compressible
Density: HIGH
FLUID
Property of matter - SOLID
Particle Motion: continuous and random
Order: ordered, repeating structure
Particle Spacing: VERY SMALL
Volume/Shape: definite volume and shape
Compressibility: NOT very compressible
Density: HIGH (typically greater than liquid)
Gas to Solid
Sublimation
Solid to Liquid
Melting (fusion)
Liquid to Gas
Vaporization (vaporization)
Gas to Liquid
Condensation
Liquid to Solid
Freezing (solidification)
Gas to Solid
Deposition
Gas to liquid, endo/exo?
exothermic
Liquid to Gas, endo/ exo?
endothermic
Gas to solid, endo/exo?
exothermic
Solid to gas, endo/ exo?
exothermic
liquid to solid, endo/ exo?
exothermic
Solid to liquid, endo/ exo?
endothermic
Release heat…. endo/ exo?
EXOTHERMIC
Requires heat… endo/ exo?
ENDOTHERMIC
Heat released…. endo/ exo?
exothermic
What is a Pressure-temperature (P-T) phase diagram used to determine?
used to determine which state(s) is/are most stable at a given temperature and pressure
Only consider phase diagrams of ______ substances in a _______ system.
Only consider phase diagrams of pure substances in a closed system.
Phase diagrams consist of:
Regions and Line
Range of temperatures and pressure forms a ________.
REGION
______ separate phases.
Lines separate phases.
A line represents _________ and ________ at which the two phases on either side of the line are in ________ ________.
A line represents
temperatures and pressures
at which the two phases on
either side of the line are in
dynamic equilibrium.
What is a condition in which two opposing processes simultaneously occur at equal rates?
(Dynamic) Equilibrium
The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium is called the _____________.
Freezing (melting) point (fp)
The Solid/Liquid line maps out the ______ point of a substance at different pressures
The Solid/Liquid line maps out the freezing point of a substance at different pressures.
The equilibrium pressure of vapor above the surface of a liquid at a specified temperature is called ______ _____ (__).
Vapor Pressure (vp): The equilibrium
pressure of vapor above the surface of a
liquid at a specified temperature.
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the ambient pressure (i.e. the temperature at which the liquid and gas phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium) is called _____ ____ (__).
Boiling Point (bp): The temperature
at which the vapor pressure of the
liquid is equal to the ambient pressure
(i.e. the temperature at which the
liquid and gas phases of a substance
coexist in equilibrium).
The Liquid/ Gas line maps out the ______
point of a substance at different
pressures.
The Liquid/ Gas line maps out the boiling
point of a substance at different
pressures.
If the vapor pressure (torr) of H2O at constant pressure has a boiling point of 100°C with a pressure of 760 torr. What is the boiling point in °C if the VP is 71.9 torr? Refer to graph on PowerPoint Liquid and Solids slide 12.
45°C
What are the general properties of common states of matter? (List 6)
Particle Motion
Order
Particle Spacing
Volume/ Shape
Compressibility
Density
