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CHEMISTRY > Solid States > Flashcards

Solid States Flashcards

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1
Q

Property of crystalline and amorphous

A 
Defined geometrical structure
Cleavage property
Melting point
Enthalpy of fusion
Order range
Anisotropy
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2
Q

Crystal lattice

A

A space lattice or a crystal lattice is a patter of points representing the location of motifs/basis (structural unit)

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3
Q

Characteristics of crystal lattice

A

1) each point in the crystal lattice is called lattice point, lattice site
2) each point represent a constituent particle (Ion, atom , molecule)
2) these point are joined by straight lines to bring light the geometry

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4
Q

Packing efficiency
FCC
Bcc
Sc

A

74%
68%
52.4%

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5
Q

Solids with appear amorphous but are crystalline

A

Polycrystalline solids
Most metals
Appear isotropic but are anisotropic

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6
Q

Isomorphous

A

2 crystals having a similar crystalline form

Eg znso4.7h2o mgso4.7h2oo

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7
Q

Polymorphic crystals

A

They exist in more than one crystalline form
Eg CaCo3: calcite, aragonite
ZnS Spharalite, Wurtzite

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8
Q

Unit cell

A

The smallest portion of a crystal lattice which when repeated it self in diff direction, create the whole lattice itself

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9
Q

Octahedral voids position

A

Edge centered and body centered

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10
Q

shows both schottky and frenkle defect

A

AgBr

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11
Q

Increase in preasure and temp changes what cn to what cn type

A

pressure: 6:6 (NaCl) to 8:8 (CsCl)

Temp : viceversa

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12
Q

noble gas arrangments and exception

A

fcc/ccp

ex: helium: hcp

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13
Q 
planar triangular
tetrahedral
hexogonal
bcc 
eg
A

ba2o3
sphaleite
ncal
cscl

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14
Q

Packing eff of diamond

A

34%

Z= 8

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15
Q

defect/ imperfection

A

any deviations/irregularites from a perfectly ordered arrangment of constituent particle

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16
Q

frenkel defect

A 
dislocation defect
cation dislocate to interstitial site
no change in density
large diff in atom size
ZnS,AgCl, AgBr, AgI
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17
Q

schottky defect eg

A

Equal size

NaCl, AgBr, KCl, CsCl

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18
Q

defect colour

A

NaCl: yellow
LiCl: Pink
KCl: violet

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19
Q

compare schottky effect and Frenkel eff

A

shky eff appears more than frenkle eff cause is very less energy is needed
they all inc in no in temp, so are called Thermodynamics defect

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20
Q

Conductors
Insulators
Semi cont

A

4-7

  • 20 to -10
  • 6 to 4
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21
Q

doping

and types

A

adding an appropriate amt of suitable impurities to inc the conductivity of intrinsic semiconductors
ntype, p type

22
Q

application of n type p type semicdt

A

a diode is a combination of p and n type are used as rectifiers
transistors are the sandwitch of npn or pnp which used to amplify or dedect raidio or audio signals
solar cell is a useful photodiode

23
Q

transition temp

A

temp at which sub start behaving as supercoductors

mostly 2k to 5k

24
Q

paramagnetic

A

weakly, temarory attraction
one or more unpaired electrons
lost their magnetism in absence of magnetic feild
O2, CU 2+, Fe3+. cr3+

25
Q

Diamagnetic

A

weakly repeled by magnetic field
no unpaired electrons
zero magnetic moment
h2o, nacl, c6h6

26
Q

Feromagnetic

A

permanent magnetism , eve in absence of magnetic field
unpaired erectron are 1D oreinted
Fe, Ni, Co, Gd, CrO2

27
Q

antiferomagnetic

A

expected to posess para or fero but has 0 net magnetic moment due to equal no of domains being in opp direction
MnO

28
Q

Ferrimagnetic

A

expected to have large magnetism but has small due to the unequal no of domains in opp direction
Fe3O4 magnetite
ferites like mgfeo2 znfe2o4
on heating these become paramagnetic 850k

29
Q

curie temp

A

temp above which feromagnetism is not observed

30
Q

coordination no

A

The number of nearest neighbours of a particle in a closed arrangment are called its coordination number.

31
Q

What is responsible for the malleability property of metallic solids

A

Sea of electrons

32
Q

Boron nitride

Solid type

A

Covalent/network

33
Q

C-c bond in diamond and graphite

A

Diamond: 154pm
Graphite : 141.4 (—)
340pm (I)

34
Q

Amorphas solids eg

A

Bakelite
Neoprene
Melamine
Formaldehyde

35
Q

CS2 solid type

A

Molecular

36
Q

Washing soda solid type

A

Ionic

37
Q

CCl4 Co2 solid type

A

Molecular

38
Q

AiN solid type

A

Covalent

39
Q

Corborundum

Name / solid type

A

SiC covalent

40
Q

Corrundum

A

Ionic

41
Q

diamagnetic eg

A

NaCl C6H6 H2OB

42
Q

Paramagnetic eg

A

Cu2+ Fe3+ O2 CuO TiO VO2

43
Q

Ferromagnetic eg

A

Fe Co Ni CrO2

44
Q

Antifero eg

A

MnO

45
Q

Ferrimagnetic eg

A

Fe3O4 MGFe2O4 ZnFe2O4

46
Q

What becomes paramagnetic from ferrimagnetic at 850K

A

850K Fe3O4

47
Q

Domain

A

A cluster of atoms in a ferromagnetic substance, all of which align in the same direction in the presence of an external magnetic field

48
Q

band

A

atomic orbitals of metal atoms form molecular orbitals which are close in energy to each other as to form band

49
Q

how many elements of symmentry are there in cubic

A

23

50
Q

highest cation anion ratio

A

CsF

51
Q

ionic crystal where max dis betw centers

A

CsI

CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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