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Solid states > Solid States > Flashcards

Solid States Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of solids

A

Metallic, ionic, simple covalent and covalent lattice

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2
Q

Define lattice

A

A regular, periodic array of points in space

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3
Q

Define unit cell

A

Smallest repeat unit that describes a lattice

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4
Q

What is the name of the 14 lattices

A

Bravais lattices

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5
Q

What do P, I, F and C stand for in the bravais lattices

A

Primitive
I - body centred
F - all face centred
C - one face centred

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6
Q

How many neighbours do close packed structures have

A

6

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of close packing

A

ABA - hexagonal

ABC - cubic

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8
Q

What is the coordination number of a close packed structure

A

12

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9
Q

Why are ccp softer than hcp

A

More slip planes in ccp

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10
Q

What are the cubic unit cells and draw them

A

Bcc, Fcc/ccp, primitive

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11
Q

What is the coordination number for primitive

A

6

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12
Q

What is the coordination number for FCC

A

12

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13
Q

What is the coordination number for bcc

A

8

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14
Q

Why is bcc harder than hcp/ccp

A

It is harder for the atomic planes to slip over each other

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15
Q

What is Pythagoras Theorem

A 
B^2 = 2a^2
B = root 2 a
C^2 = 3a^2
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16
Q

How many atoms are in a ccp unit cell

A

4

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17
Q

What is the equation for volume of atoms in a unit cell

A

Number of atoms x 4/3 pir3

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18
Q

What is the volume of a unit cell

A

L^3 = 8^3/2 r3

19
Q

What is packing efficiency

A

Volume of atoms / volume of unit cell x 100

20
Q

Calculate packing efficiency of bcc

A

Work it out!

21
Q

What is density

A

Number of atoms x RAM / Na

22
Q

What is the hole in a lattice called

A

Interstitial site

23
Q

What are the 2 main types of holes

A

Octahedral and tetrahedral

24
Q

How many octahedral sites are there in ccp

A

4
1 centred
12 on edges 1/4
They sit in the 1/2 level

25
Q

How many tetrahedral sites are there

A

8 fully centred sit at 1/4 and 3/4 level

26
Q

What is a coordination number

A

Number of nearest neighbours

27
Q

What is coordination geometry

A

Shape of polyhedron formed by neighbouring atoms

28
Q

What is the coordination geometry of CaF2

A

FCC wrt to Ca ions

F in tetrahedral holes

29
Q

What is the geometry of CsCl

A

Primitive cube wrt cl

Cs in cubic interstitial

30
Q

How do you calculate empirical formula

A

Centre - 1
Face - 1/2
Edge -1/4
Corner 1/8

31
Q

What is the radius ratio

A

The rule used to predict structure r+/r-

32
Q

What are the favoured interactions in an ionic solid

A

Maximise anion cation

Minimise like to like

33
Q

What is lattice enthalpy

A

Solid form to gasious ions

34
Q

What is the issue with lattice enthalpy in regards to determining shape

A

The thermodynamic parameters are not always known

35
Q

What is the Madelung constant

A

A - the distance between all of the atoms not just one

36
Q

What does the Born- Mayer include

A

That ions are not point charges and are surrounded by electron clouds which interact
P - compressibility constant

37
Q

What is the Kapustinskii equation

A

Latt = KVZ-Z+/ r-r+

38
Q

How far does Kapustinskii work

A

Good for pure ionic hard-hard

39
Q

What are miller indices

A

The reciprocal of the coordinates

40
Q

How do you calculate the separation between each plane

A

H^2/a^ + k^2/b^2….

41
Q

What is constructive interference

A

When the 2 planes are in phase and the wave length increases by a whole number

42
Q

What is destructive interference

A

When the 2 planes do not produce waves in the same phase giving a wave length difference of /2

43
Q

What is Bragg equation

A

Lambda = 2asin theta/ root (h^2…)

44
Q

How can we use X-ray diffraction to determine structure

A

Find the systematic absences and compare to ladder of each structure

Solid states (1 decks)

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