solid matter Flashcards
what is solid matter?
-the materials that are suspended or dissolved in water.
-they can be cleaned physically through filtration or evaporation.
what are the two types of solid matter?
1-filterable(a-settleable and b-nonsettleable)
2-nonfiltreable
what are nonsettleable solids?
they are the solids that fail to settle out in a specific time period.
what is another classification-according to what they are based off of-of solid matter? Explain.
organic and non organic. organic matter is based of C, they are burnable and the estimated organic fraction is 500-+50 Celsius to volatilize the organics.
inorganic matter is based of minerals and it wont burn.
what is another classification-according to what they are based off of-of solid matter? Explain.
organic and non organic. organic matter is based of C, they are burnable and the estimated organic fraction is 500-+50 Celsius to volatilize the organics.
inorganic matter is based of minerals and it wont burn.
what’s total solids?
matter that remains as residue after evaporation at 103-105 Celsius.(dissolved solids+suspended solids=total s.)
explain dissolved solids. explain there qualities.
-pore diameter: 20 µm<
-more dissolved solids=more hardness
-most solids in water are dissolved like: organic salts,organic matter and dissolved gasses.
-organic sources: leaves, silt, plankton,industrial waste/sewage.
-inorganic sources: rocks; CaHCO3, N2, S2, Fe2P from air
-other sources: runoff, road salts, pesticides and fertilizers.
explain how to measure total solids.
by drying the sample carried out at 103-105 C in an oven.(M(solids)=M(pan)+M(solids)-M(pan))
whats the temperature of the oven used in the analysis of dissolved solids?
180 C
why is higher temperatures is used to remove solids?
-to be able to remove all mechanically bound water and because of organic matter is generally at very low concentrations, the losses from high drying temperatures are negligible.
-the amount of suspended colloidal and larger substances in all other liquids increases with less degree of contamination.
what are total fixed solids?
the residue of total, suspended or dissolved solids after heating dryness for a specified time at a specified temperature.(500-+50 C)
what are settleable solids?
the material settling out of suspension within a defined period
what are the factors affecting seperation of suspended from dissolved solids?
-type of filter holder
-pore size
-perosity, area, thickness of the filter
-physical nature
-particle size
-amount of material deposited on the filter
what is the limit of dissolved solids in drinking water?
500 mg/L
what are total volatile solids?
solids that get volatilized and burned off when TS are ignited at 550-+50 C
what is organic matter?
in order to determine solids in domestic ww, industrial ww and sludge samples we need to have a measure of the organic matter in it. and its determined by combustion. weight loss thats caused by evaporation with high temperatures is called organic matter.
what are volatile organics?
volatile organics are the number of specific trace organic compounds that can be easily removed from solutions w/simple room temperature ventilation. they can not be measured by solid tests bc they get seperated from the solution during evaporation and drying.
what type of solid gets decomposed at the temperature of 550 C?
volatile solids
in what type of determination the dissolved inorganic salts are not taken into account and why?
volatile solids determination. because they are removed by the filtration process.
in sludge analysis, what is the general form of ammonium compounds?
ammonium bicarbonates. NH₄HCO₃
in what temperature does CaCO3 decomposes?
over 825 C. its the largest component of inorganic salts normally found in samples for volatile solid analysis.
what are total suspended solids?
the amount of total solids retained on the filter with specified pore size (1,58), measured after drying at 105 C. Whatman glass fiber filter
what are volatile suspended solids?
solids that can be volatilized and burned off when total suspended solids are ignited at 500-+50 C
what are total dissolved solids?
solids that can pass the filter and then evaporate and get dried at specific temperatures. it consists of colloidal (0.001-1m) and dissolved solids
what are settleable solids?
suspended solids that will settle out of suspension within a specified period of time (mL/L)
why are susp-ended solids important to env.eng.?
-they can create color, bad smell and bad taste in water
-some dissolved organic chemicals can deplete dissolved oxygen in water
-some dissolved organic chemicals can be carcinogenic
explain how to measure total dissolved solids
1- take a clean porcelain dish that has been sterilized in a hot oven at 180 C for an hour
2-weigh the empty dish in an analytical balance
3-mix the sample and pour it to a funnel with filter paper
4- filter 80-100 mL of the sample
5- with a pipette, transfer 75 mL of filtered sample in the porcelain dish
6-start the oven to 105 Celsius and regulate it often
7- place the porcelain dish in the oven
8- dry the sample (1-2 hours) to get constant mass
8-cool the container in a desiccator
9- after cooling, weigh the the dish as quick as possible
