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Pharmaceutics > Solid Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs and or chemicals (internal or external use)

A

POWDERS

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2
Q

Advantages of Powders

A

flexibility in compounding

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3
Q

disadvantages of powders

A

easily wetted by liquids, inaccuracy of dose, not for hygroscopic

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4
Q

mortar and pestle (small scale)

A

Trituration or Comminution

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5
Q

cutter mill, roller mill, hammer mill (large scale)

A

Milling

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6
Q

form a smooth paste (L agent: mineral oil, glycerine, propylene glycol)

A

Levigation

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7
Q

addition of a volatile solvent (camphor + OH, iodine crystals + ether

A

Pulverization with Intervention

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8
Q

(no. 8 particle size)

A

Very Coarse

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9
Q

(no. 20 particle size)

A

Coarse

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10
Q

(no. 40 particle size)

A

Moderately Coarse

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11
Q

(no. 60 particle size)

A

Fine

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12
Q

(no. 80 particle size)

A

Very Fine

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13
Q

for potent substances

A

Geometric dilution

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14
Q

Blending Powders includes:

A
  • Trituration
  • Spatulation
  • Sifting/Lifting
  • Tumbling
  • Geometric dilution
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15
Q

Substances that form eutectic mixtures:

A

Camphor, Menthol, Thymol, Aspirin, Phenyl salicylate

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16
Q

Inert diluents to prevent eutexia:

A

Light magnesium oxide, Magnesium carbonate

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17
Q

intended to be used internally or externally

A

Medicated Powders

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18
Q

administered by inhalation with the aid of dry powder inhalers

A

Aerosol Powders

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19
Q

medicated preparations provided to the patient in bulk non potent medicaments

A

Bulk Powders

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20
Q

also antibiotic syrups reconstituted before use

A

Oral

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21
Q

cleansing and polishing the teeth; may contain fluoride

A

Dentifrices

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22
Q

intended for the cavity

A

Douches

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23
Q

formulated in sifter top

A

Dusting Powders

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24
Q

medicated powders designed to be blown into the ear, nose, throat or body cavities by means of a device known as an insufflator

A

Insufflations

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25
Q

the finely powdered, medicinal substance is ground for a certain time in a mortar and pestle with a certain proportion of sugar and milk

A

Triturations

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26
Q

“chartula” each dose is separately wrapped in paper or sealed in a sachet (for

A

Divided Powders

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27
Q

no moisture resistant properties

A

White bond

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28
Q

limited moisture resistant qualities

A

Vegetable parchment

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29
Q

moisture resistant paper

A

Glassine

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30
Q

waterproof

A

Waxed

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31
Q

SDF in which medicinal agents and or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of gelatin

A

CAPSULE

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32
Q

It is prepared by the enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen, which is the main protein constituent of connective tissues in animal bones and skin

A

Gelatin

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33
Q

(acid hydrolysis of porcine skin)

A

Gelatin A

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34
Q

(base hydrolysis of bovine bones)

A

Gelatin B

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35
Q

measure of gelatin rigidity ( HGC: 200-250g; SGC: 150g)

A

Bloom strength

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36
Q

used in extemporaneous compounding, shell made from gelatin + sugar + water

A

Hard Gelatin Capsules

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37
Q

moisture conc of hard gelatin caps

A

12-15/ 13-16% moisture

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38
Q

adding 0.15% sulfur dioxide in HGC (capsules)

A

to prevent decomposition during manufacture

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39
Q

processes involving HGC

A

Punch Method, Hand operated Filling Machine

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40
Q

made of gelatin + glycerin or polyhydric alcohol (sorbitol) for elasticity and plasticity

A

Soft Gelatin Capsules

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41
Q

moisture conc of soft gelatin caps

A

5-8/6-10% moisture

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42
Q

SGC are used for:

A

Water immiscible volatile and non volatile liquids
Water miscible non volatile liquids
Water miscible and relatively non volatile compounds

43
Q

processes involving SGC (capsules)

A
  1. Plate process
  2. Rotary die process
  3. Reciprocating die process
  4. Accogel Capsule Machine
44
Q

mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, compacted into a solid

A

TABLET

45
Q

made by (Wet granulation, Dry granulation, Direct compression)

A

COMPRESSED TABLETS

46
Q

sugar for palatability; adds 50% to tablet bulk

A

Sugar Coated

47
Q

broken and chewed before ingestion ; mannitol (50% of tablet bulk); xylitol (sugar free)

A

Chewable Tablets

48
Q

coated with a thin layer of a polymer capable of forming a skinlike film; less bulky

A

Film Coated

49
Q

disintegrate in intestinal fluid ; delayed release

A

Enteric Coated (ECT)

50
Q

compressing the fill material more than once

A

Multiple Compressed

51
Q

( multiple layered)

A

Layered

52
Q

coated/Dry coated ( tablet within a tablet)

A

Press coated/Dry coated

53
Q

aka prolonged re lease or sustained release ; releases the med over a period of time

A

Controlled Release (CR)

54
Q

ex. Halazone tablets and KMnO 4 tablets for solution

A

Tablets for Solution

55
Q

compressed granular effervescent salts; Na bicarbonate + citric acid + tartaric acid

A

Effervescent Tablets

56
Q

dissolved at the buccal/cheeks of the mouth

A

Buccal Tablets

57
Q

dissolved under the tongue

A

Sublingual Tablets

58
Q

designed to release their medication with no rate controlling features

A

Immediate Release

59
Q

have drug release features based on time, course, and/or location

A

Modified Release

60
Q

aka Controlled Release ; release medication over an extended period

A

Extended Release

61
Q

release at a time other than promptly after administration

A

Delayed Release

62
Q

2 single doses, one for immediate, another for delayed

A

Repeat Action

63
Q

directed towards a region, tissue, or site of absorption

A

Targeted Release

64
Q

small, usually cylindrical tablet w/ small amounts of potent drugs

A

MOLDED TABLETS/TABLET TRITURATE

65
Q

aka Compounding Tablets ; for extemporaneous compounding, never dispensed as DF

A

Dispensing Tablets (DT)

66
Q

no longer used because of the difficult y in achieving sterility

A

Hypodermic Tablets (HT)

67
Q

aka Vaginal inserts ; bullet or ovoid shaped inserted for local or systemic effects

A

Vaginal Tablets

68
Q

Contains one or more medicinal agents in a flavoured, sweetened base intended to dissolve
slowly in the mouth

A

Lozenges

69
Q

Sugar based lozenges on a stick and contain fentanyl citrate

A

Lollipops

70
Q

Compressed lozenges; discoid shaped

A

Troches

71
Q

Molded lozenges, Softer and has a higher concentration of sugar or gelatin

A

Pastilles

72
Q

SDF other than suppositories for insertion to body orifices

A

Inserts

73
Q

Small, sterile SDF containing a concentrated drug for SC implantation where it continuously
release the medication over long periods

A

Implants/Pellets

74
Q

Lactose

A 
Coarse granular (60
80)
Regular (100)
Spray
dried (100 120)
75
Q

Advantages of lactose:

A 
 Inexpensive
 Readily soluble
 High MP (202°C)
Advantages of spray dried:
 Flows readily (spherical granules)
 Flow maintained even when wet
granulated
 No need for binders
 For direct compression method
76
Q

Disadvantages of lactose

A

 Lubricants required
 Binders may have to be added when
other substances interfere with
cohesion

77
Q

advantages of starches

A 
 Also used as binders and disintegrants
 Provide moisture balance even though
moisture content is 12 14%
 Stabilize hygroscopic drugs (protect
them from deterioration)
78
Q

advantages of mannitol

A

 For water sensitive drugs
 For chewable (sweet, negative heat of
solution cooling sensation

79
Q

disadvantages of mannitol

A

 Expensive

80
Q

advantages of sorbitol

A

 For direct tableting

81
Q

disadvantages of sorbitol

A

 Very hygroscopic above 65% RH

82
Q

advantages of sucrose

A

 Provide additional sweetness
 Serves as binder (cohesive)
 Contributes to dissolution (readily
soluble)

83
Q

disadvantages of sucrose

A

 Somewhat hygroscopic (should only be
in small ratio)
 Turns brown with acidic or basic subst

84
Q

advantages of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Avicel

A

 For direct compression
 At 5 15% conc in wet granulations:
a. Minimizes tablet hardening
b. Reduces mottling

85
Q

disadvantages of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Avicel

A

 Needs lubricant (when drug is present)

 Expensive

86
Q

provide mechanical strength

A

Binders/Granulators

87
Q

10-20% w/w

A

Starch Paste

88
Q

10-20% w/w

A

Aqueous gelatin solution

89
Q

25-50% w/w

A

Aqueous glucose solution

90
Q

5% w/w

A

Alcoholic solution of ethylcellulose

91
Q

Acacia, Alginic acid, Compressible sugar (Nu Tab), Povidone

A

Others

92
Q

Starches

A

Corn and Potato

93
Q

Clays

A

Bentonite and Veegum

94
Q

Cellulose

A

Methylcellulose, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose, Microcrystalline cellulose

95
Q

Algins

A

Alginic acid and sodium alginate

96
Q

Gums

A

Locust bean, karaya, guar, tragacanth, agar

97
Q

Effervescent mixtures

A

Disintegrates rapidly

98
Q

Enables to flow from hopper

A

Glidants

99
Q

Prevent adhesion to dies and punches
Reduce friction
Release tablet from die
May improve flow

A

Lubricants

100
Q

Prevent residue films on punches

A

Antiadhesives

101
Q

examples of glidants

A

Silicon dioxide (Cabosil)/Colloidal silica
Cornstarch
Talc

102
Q

examples of lubricants

A

Talc
Stearates
Mineral oil
Stearic acid

103
Q

examples of antiadhesives

A

Magnesium stearate

Talc

Pharmaceutics (7 decks)

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