Solar System Flashcards

0
Q

What does planet mean?

A

Wanderer

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1
Q

How can you tell a star from a planet?

A

Planets move around in the night sky while stars stay in the same spot.

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2
Q

Give two ways the sun effects the planets

A

By applying gravitational forces that keep the planet in orbit

Going through nuclear fusion and emitting that energy as light

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3
Q

Why was Pluto demoted?

A

It doesn’t have more mass than objects in nearby orbits.

It didn’t clear its space

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4
Q

What is an Astronomical Unit?

A

The measure of the distance from Earth to the sun= 1 AU

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5
Q

What are other planets’ AU compared to?

Why is Neptune 30 and Mercury’s less than 1?

A

They are compared to Earths distance

Neptune is 30x earth’s distance

Mercury is closer to the sun than earth is

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6
Q

What is the difference between an ellipse and a circle?

A

An ellipse is more oval like, or a stretched out circle

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7
Q

What is the accretion hypothesis?

A

It is a hypothesis on how the planets were formed

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8
Q

What does the accretion hypothesis state?

A

That the sun formed when gravity caused the solar nebula to collapse leading to particles that eventually formed into the planets

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9
Q

How did the inner planets form?

A

The inner planets formed from the accreted particles from the sun

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10
Q

How did the outer planets form?

A

They formed as gas, dust, and ice condensed and accreted

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11
Q

What condition must be met in order for a planet to have an atmosphere?

A

It has to have gravity strong enough to hold gases close to its surface

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12
Q

Why are the inner planets called “terrestrial planets”

A

You can walk on them

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13
Q

Why are the outer planets called gas giants

A

They are made of hydrogen and helium

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14
Q

What is a comet?

A

A object in space made out of ice rock and dust

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15
Q

What is a meteoroid?

A

A small rocky particle in space that burns up in earths atmosphere

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16
Q

What is a meteor?

A

A rocky particle that has a streak of light following it once it enters earths atmosphere

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17
Q

What is a meteorite?

A

A meteoroid that strikes a planet or moon

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18
Q

What is the true shape of a planetary orbit?

A

An ellipse

19
Q

What does it mean if a planets orbit is highly eccentric?

A

It is very elliptical

20
Q

What is eccentricity?

A

The measure of how elliptical a planets orbit is

21
Q

What is the general term for a group of stars?

A

Constellation

22
Q

What is parallax?

A

The apparent shift of an object when viewed from two locations

23
Q

What is parallax used for?

A

To measure distances to stars

24
What is a light year? | How far is it?
The distance light travels in a year 12 9.5•10
25
What is the Big Bang theory? What is it? When was it?
A theory on the formation of the universe It was an explosion 9 12 to 15×10
26
What is the Doppler effect?
The apparent shift in the wavelength of light when it object approaches or moves away
27
What is the Doppler effect prove?
The universe is still expanding
28
What is apparent magnitude?
The brightness seen from Earth
29
What is absolute magnitude?
The actual amount of light given off from a star
30
What are the three parts of the sun's atmosphere?
The Corona The chromosphere The photosphere
31
What is the corona and what does it do?
It is the outermost and hottest layer | It emits particles
32
What does the chromosphere do?
It gives the sun color
33
What does the photosphere do?
It gives off light
34
Where does fusion take place?
In the sun's core
35
What is fusion?
The process in which two hydrogens make one helium
36
What is a prominence?
Huge columns of arching gas
37
What is a solar flare?
It is gas ejected off of the sun's surface
38
What are solar winds?
They are radiation or charged particles from the sun
39
What is a sunspot?
Cool spots on the sun surface
40
Where are some characteristics of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?
Spectral class Luminosity Absolute magnitude Temperature and Kelvin
41
What is luminosity compared to?
The sun | The sun's luminosity=1
42
What are 90% of stars?
Main sequence stars
43
Trace the evolution of a big star
Nebula to main sequence star to red supergiant to supernova to neutron star or a black hole
44
Trace the evolution of a small star
Nebula to main sequence star to giant to white dwarf
45
When does a nebula become a main sequence star?
After it condenses and fusion takes place