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C-77 Plumbing > Solar > Flashcards

Solar Flashcards

1
Q

Heating Systems fall into two categories:

A

Active system: which use a pump to control water

Passive system: which use no pump

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2
Q

Direct System

A

Potable water circulates and thus the heat collecting fluid is the same potable water that is in water heater

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3
Q

Indirect System

A

the fluid that circulates through the collector may be domestic water or another heat transfer fluid

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4
Q

Differential Controlled (AD)

A

The circulating pump operates when sensors located at the top of the collector and bottom of the storage tank reach a preset difference of 5 to 20F. Water circulates through the collector only when sufficient solar energy is available to increase the water temperature.

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5
Q

Photovoltaic Controlled (AD)

A

A PV module generates power for a DC pump that circulates water through the collector and back into the storage tank.

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6
Q

Timer Controlled (AD)

A

Used in tropical climates where temperatures are mild year-round. Timer turns on a pump in mid morning and switches it off in late afternoon.

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7
Q

Flat Plate Collector

A

Designed to heat water to medium temperatures (140F). Contains: enclosure, glazing, glazing frame, insulation, absorber and flow tubes.

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8
Q

Evacuated-tube collectors

A

Smaller solar collecting surface because this surface must be encased by an evacuated glass tube. Deliver higher temperatures 300F.

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9
Q

Flooded Evacuated-tube Collector

A

The absorber (surface inside the vacuum tube) itself forms a tube through which the heat collection fluid is pumped. Used is passive thermosyphon systems.

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10
Q

Heat pipe evacuated-tube collector

A

A flat absorber plate running the length of the tube covers a heat pipe filled with a fluid that evaporates at relatively low temperatures.

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11
Q

ICS - Integral Collector Storage

A

Incorporate 4” or larger diameter horizontal metal tanks connected in series by piping from a water inlet at the bottom of the tank to an outlet at the top.

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12
Q

Batch Collector

A

Usually is made of just one black-painted metal tank inside an insulated enclosure covered with some type of glazing.

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13
Q

Thermosiphon System

A

Water storage tank is located above the collector. Cold water from the bottom of the thermosiphon system’s tank flows through a pipe to the bottom of the solar collector.

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14
Q

A collector and its mounting structure need to be able to withstand intermittent wind loads up to _____ miles per hour which corresponds to a pressure of about ____pounds per foot.

A

Wind loads: 146 miles per hour

Pressure: 75 pounds per square foot

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15
Q

A ground mounted collector should be at least ____ foot above the ground.

A

1 foot

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16
Q

Recommended flow rate through a collector?

A

1/2 gpm for each 40ft square-area of panel

17
Q

For residential forced circulation systems, use a minimum of ____ ID pipe for total runs of 100 feet

A

1/2”

18
Q

When the flow requirement is greater than 1 gpm and the pump is less than 1/20hp use ____ pipe

A

3/4”

19
Q

For a thermosiphon system, use of ____ piping helps eliminate undesirable resistance to fluid flow.

A

3/4”

20
Q

If two or more collectors are to be connected in parallel, use ____ pipe for interconnections.

A

3/4”

21
Q

Use ____ thick rubber type insulation on all piping.

A

1/2”

22
Q

Install all piping with a continuous slop of ____ per foot toward the drains.

A

1/4”

23
Q

Low-temp sensor of the differential controller is placed:

A

Attach near the bottom of the storage tank

24
Q

The high-temp sensor may be placed in one of the following three places:

A
  1. On the outlet pipe of the solar collector
  2. In the air space between the collector absorber and the transparent cover
  3. Against the absorber surface
25
Q

Water returning to the tank will be hotter than the water stratified at the the top of the tank. Therefore the returning water is placed about ____down the side of the tank.

A

one-third

26
Q

When wiring the collector and freeze sensor, what wiring configuration allows it close or open?

A

Parallel: if the freeze sensor closes on temperature fall Series: if the freeze sensor opens on temperature fall

27
Q

What is the typical voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the PV module?

A

Given almost any amount of sunlight, this open-circuit voltage should be between 14 and 22 volts.

28
Q

What is the PV module’s short-circuit current?

A

Under sunny conditions, the short-circuit current should be between 200 and 1000 milliamps, depending on the voltage rating of the PV module

C-77 Plumbing (3 decks)

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